Doktor N. Productivity Formation of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Depending on Inoculation and Fertilizer in Conditions of Transcarpathia of Ukraine

The dissertation work presents a theoretical justification and practical solution of scientific task an increasing grain productivity bean varieties of domestic selection by identifying the growth and development features and optimizing the elements of growing technology (fertilizer, inoculation) depending on varietal characteristics and growing season conditions in Transcarpathia of Ukraine. Soil and climatic conditions of research place are typical for conditions of Transcarpathia of Ukraine and are favorable for growing common beans varieties. Studies have shown that the height of bean plants grows with an increase of mineral fertilizers rates till N120P80K40 regardless to seed inoculation. The maximum height of bean plants is formed in the phase of grain formation with applying N120P80K40 and is 52.5 cm for variety Nadiya, 58.8 – Mavka and 64.4 cm for the variety Perlyna. Seeds inoculation, doses of mineral fertilizers application N30P20K10 and N60P40K20 have a positive effect on planting density formation and the overall survival rate of beans. The biggest leaf area of beans sowings was noted in the flowering phase – 30.1–46/6 thousand m^2 /ha, depending on fertilizer, seed inoculation and varietal characteristics. The maximum rates of dry matter accumulation in beans sowings are formed during the period of grain formation. Introduction of N90P60K30 provides the highest accumulation of dry matter by beans sowings on variants of the experiment without inoculation by Rizobofit. More dry matter accumulates by beans sowings with seeds inoculation by Rizobofit and fertilizer application in dose N60P40K20 – 5.33 t/ha for variety Nadiya, 6.40 and 6.85 t/ha in varieties Mavka and Perlyna. Formation of the biggest number of active nodules on the roots of bean variety Nadiya – 23.0, Mavka and Perlyna – 26.4 and 29.1 pieces per one plant was noted in the flowering phase for fertilizer dose N60P40K20 and seeds inoculation by Rhizobofit. In these plots of the experiment, the best biomass of nodules was obtained: 247 mg/plant in variety Nadiya, 277 and 275 mg/plant in Mavka and Perlyna varieties and nitrogenase activity of nodules, which reaches maximum values in the flowering phase: 2614 nMol C2H4/h per plant of variety Perlyna, 2342 – at variety Mavka and 2192 nMol C2H4/h per plant at variety Nadiya. Yield of beans varieties increases from 1.41 to 3.16 t/ha, depending on weather conditions of the year of growing, varietal characteristics, fertilizer, and presowing seed inoculation. A high level of grain yield of bean varieties Nadiya – 2.28 t/ha, Mavka and Perlyna – 2.49 and 2.67 t/ha provides a combination of seeds inoculation by Rizobofit and mineral fertilizers in dose N60P40K20 kg/ha. Factor «Mineral fertilizers» had an impact on the yields of studied varieties of beans – 53 %, factor «Variety» was slightly less – 20 %, «Seed inoculation» – 14 % and «Weather conditions» – 13 %. The maximum collection of protein and fat per area unit is noted in variant of technology with applying N60P40K20 and seeds inoculation by Rizobofit. In conditions of Transcarpathia of Ukraine, production of common beans is economically highly efficient, the overall profitability is high and ranges from 163 to 255 %. Beans is a high-energy crop, the energy efficiency ratio of beans growing is 2.32–5.58.