The thesis is devoted to the complex of philosophical research of rituals on the material of Ukrainian culture. The aim is to investigate the ritual in contemporary Ukrainian society, the influence on myths and rituals of mass culture and its mechanisms, philosophical and anthropological characteristics and changes of ritual in the symbolic space of Ukrainian postmodern culture.
For the first time: - the classification of the basic rituals of Ukrainian culture has been carried out, the philosophical and anthropological principles of such possible classifications have been clarified (psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic anthropology, mythopoetics, genetic analysis, initiation and phenomenological theory of ritual); - the natural and cultural components of the rituals of Ukrainian culture from the point of view of «apprenticeship through tradition» (F. Vaal) have been clarified; - the concept of «parallax» has been applied to explain the compatibility of traditional cultures and the global market, mass culture; - the significance of intercultural dialogue for the modern Ukrainian culture of the beginning of the XXI century and the inclusion of traditional ceremonial complex in general mental installations of Ukrainians has been clarified.
Clarified: - the concept of ritual and rite; - cultural-anthropological and philosophical-anthropological methods of rituals research in the context of «performative turn». Further development was found: - identification of the main semantic images and symbols in the Ukrainian cultural world picture, their basic realization in rituals and holidays (the center of the world, the world tree, the earth-mother, the grain-life, the temple, the tavern-tavern, the feast as meeting with the ancestors, education as involvement in a family, etc.); - disclosure of the importance of cultural heredity, traditions for the current state of Ukrainian culture, the place of ritual culture in it; - a philosophical generalization of the socio-cultural level of «well-known society», which for a long time was represented in the Ukrainian culture by an expanded family, a sociable community, and thus the Ukrainian traditional culture maintains a high adaptive potential, a capacity for modernization.
In developing the typology of rites of Ukrainian culture, the following groups of rituals will play the most important role: - rituals of agrarian direction; - family rituals; - rituals of transition and ancestors (birth, death, wedding); - rituals of the center of the world and temple space; - rituals of upbringing and life trials (initiations). Tradition as a cultural heritage can effectively support itself when simultaneously perform the function of communication and divergence. Tradition is supported as abstract principles and technologies, as well as personification, while traditionally reproduced by heroism, when certain definite principles of tradition are embodied in personalities, national heroes. Stereotypes contribute to the reproduction of traditions derived from certain national cultures, and stereotypes can function as nationally marketed in a globalized world. The concept of «parallax» can explain the compatibility of traditional cultures and the global market, mass culture. The dialectical process of the development of tradition includes the disappearance or transformation of cultural-specific (ethnic) stereotypes, as well as the spread of new myths in local traditions. A number of the ideas presented in the dissertation can contribute to further advancement in the explication of fundamental philosophical concepts (tradition, archetype, power, ideology, mass culture, myth, globalism).
Key words: hermeneutics, intercultural dialogue, mentality, national culture, performative turn, philosophical anthropology, philosophy of culture, postmodernism, ritual, social mythology, sociocultural design, subject, tradition.
