Object: the process of forming and functioning of the controlling system in the adaptive management of industrial enterprises. Objective: to develop theoretical, methodological and practical provisions for the formation and operation of an effective controlling system in the adaptive management of industrial enterprises. Study methods: abstract-logical method, monographic method, method of induction and deduction, method of analogies, analysis and synthesis, semantic method, methods of statistical analysis, graphic method, method of grouping and ranking, method of abstraction. Improved: organizational and methodological approaches of a controlling system formation at machine-building enterprises, which provide for the possibility of adapting the controlling system to the large-scale goals of the enterprise and use of a balanced scorecard; methodical approach to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the functioning of the controlling system, which provides for the determination of deviations from the target values by the indicators; it has been further developed: the categorical and conceptual apparatus of the term "control system"; the substantive characterization of the controlling system in the context of adaptive management, videlicet the system of principles of construction and operation of the controlling system at the enterprise, as well as improved categorical and conceptual apparatus of economic research by introducing into circulation the concepts of "principle of creativity" and "principle of neuroeconomics"; classification of control systems at machine-building enterprises, which summarizes and distinguishes four classification features; classification of the factors of influence on the construction and effective functioning of the control system at machine-building enterprises, which are divided into external (technological, economic, market, political, legislative, environmental and social) and internal ones (production, strategic, personnel, organizational, financial); stages of implementation of the control system at the enterprises of mechanical engineering which is represented by a set of time-ordered, interconnected, phases, stages and procedures; approaches to ensuring the functioning of the control system of machine-building enterprises, which include the author's definition of the concept of "providing the control system", summarize and distinguish its components - organizational, informational (program, technical, linguistic), mathematical, resource (human, logistical, financial) and regulatory support. Applying area: industrial enterprises.