Yuliia O. Improvement of the technology of primary processing of oilseed flax grown under the Western Polissya conditions

The dissertation is devoted to the improvement of the processing technology of oilseed flax stems, grown under the Western Polissya conditions. It analyzes natural and climatic factors that influence the formation of indices of raw materials and predetermine the choice of technology for the further processing of stem parts of the crop. It is proved that the quality of the fiber depends on the weather conditions of a particular vegetation period, and the technology of its processing must be adapted to the qualitative indices of the source material. Thus, the studied varieties of oilseed flax Iceberg, Orpheus, Southern Night, Lyrina and Sonechni showed drought-tolerance in years with insufficient moisture, and the fiber obtained from them in laboratory conditions had hight quality and could be applied in the textile industry. However, in production conditions, with large roller sizes and the availability of large areas, the process of obtaining a trust is complicated. This gave the possibility of introducing the technology of destroying stem mass in rolls to accelerate biological processes in plants. This technology involves the destruction of stems by a grinding device in order to reduce the volume of the roll. In years with high humidity, as a result of delaying the harvesting time and maturation of the trust at the root, the fiber loses its qualitative characteristics and can be recommended for use as raw material for the production of fuel materials. In addition, the increased moisture content of stubble at this stage of harvesting complicates the operation of the segmental finger cutting apparatus. Therefore, the proposed technology of harvesting and primary processing of oilseed flax stems involves the process of stem biting in the phase of complete ripeness of plants. This technology ensures the harvesting of all the biological yield of oilseed flax and allows you to obtain a short non-oriented fiber from the root portion of the stems.