Mohylnyi S. Substantiation of hygienic criteria and principles of placement of automobile filling stations in rural areas in modern conditions

The dissertation is devoted to the study of hygienic aspects of automobile filling station location in rural areas in modern conditions in order to minimize the negative impact of AFS on health and living conditions of the population. The thesis generalizes the world experience of AFS design and operation. New data on the current ecological and hygienic state of the design (placement) of modern AFS in Ukraine and their impact on the environment, health and living conditions of the population have been obtained. For the first time, a complex hygienic assessment of the dangers of modern AFS for the environment and human health was conducted, the risks of the development of adverse effects in the health of the population due to atmospheric air pollution of gas stations of different power depending on their distance to adjacent residential buildings were determined. For the first time a complex hygienic assessment of the dangers of modern AFS for the environment and human health was carried out. The risks of adverse effects on the health of the population due to the pollution of the atmospheric air of the different power AFS depending on their distance to the nearest residential building were identified. According to research materials, the hygienic criteria for AFS placement and their classification have been improved. Classification conditions for the definition of sanitary protection zones for AFS of different capacity were developed, which allowed to improve the legal and information and methodological base on the hygiene of planning and construction of settlements in the design of AFS of different types (underground and terrestrial placement of fuel tanks and tanks) (small, medium, and large). This gave reason to develop a new standard of SPZ for AFS. The sufficiency of the regulatory sanitary protection zone of 50 m for small and medium-sized AFS was proved and a new standard of sanitary protection zone of 100 m for high-capacity gas stations was developed. An AGZP that sells explosive products (propane, butane) with a capacity of up to 5 m?, which has expanded both as a separate facility and as part of a AFS (its structural unit) and a standard fire distance of 40 m, is as follows. The expected concentrations of the main pollutants in the atmosphere and the spread of acoustic pollution at a distance of 50 m from the sources of emissions of AGZP did not exceed hygienic standards and gave reason to consider the AGZP with a capacity up to 5 m? by analogy with the AFS and to develop a new norm it. 50 m and develop a new standard of the SPZ for AGZP - 50 m in size. Testing of new methods of hygienic assessment of the degree of danger of production allowed us to formulate methodical approaches to establishing the size of sanitary protection zone for AFS based on the principles of: to establish the conformity of the adopted production technology with the most modern environmental technologies; to identify the risks of adverse health effects; on establishment of observance of normative fire distances and implementation of measures of fire and technogenic safety; on the implementation of measures to prevent stressful load on the residents of the adjacent AFS. Prophylactic measures for creation of safe conditions of human activity during planning and construction of AFS of different types and capacities are substantiated. The algorithm of hygienic justification of the size of the SPZ for gas stations has been developed. It is substantiated the possibility of installing a 100 m SPZ for high-capacity AFS, 50 m for a AGZP with ground tanks with a capacity of up to 5 m?, and it is recommended to supplement the existing sanitary classification of enterprises, production facilities and structures of the SSR "Planning and Construction of Settlements. No. 173-96" new hazard class IV and V facilities with 100 and 50 m standard SPZ. Key words: automobile filling stations, environment contamination, harmful pollutants, sanitary-and-epidemiological assessment, risk assessment, sanitary protection zone.