Melnyk T. Technological means for hard winter wheat yield increasing in conditions of the Northern Steppe

Object of the study - are the processes of growth, development and forming of winter resistance and productivity of the winter hard wheat influenced by different biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of the research is to set main regularities of growth and development, winter resistance forming and productivity of the hard winter wheat in the conditions of the northern Steppe; the development of technological means of growing adjusted to the modern economical conditions. Research methods: general scientific: analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization. visual - when conducting field observations; measuring and weighting - for accounting of yield and determination of metric indices of plants; mathematical and statistical - to determine the reliability of results, correlation dependence of influence technological means, indicators of variation of economic values. Results: The highest yield of grain of hard winter wheat was obtained in pairs in the sowing on September 17 and the norm of sowing 4.5 million pcs/ha on both low and high mineral nutrition backgrounds and on average for four years was 5.66 and 6, 21 t/ha, respectively. And the highest grain yield after barley in spring, both in the low background of mineral nutrition and in the high wheat plant of hard winter was formed at the sowing on September 10 and the norm of sowing 6.5 million pcs/ha - 4.16 and 4.48 t/ha, respectively. At the same seeding, the yield of hard winter wheat after the stern precursor was on average 27.9% lower than in steam, besides, with significant fluctuations over the years. The researches established that in the presence of sufficient power supply elements, the effectiveness of most of the investigational drugs is either absent or extremely low. At a low level of mineral nutrition, the yield of maturation of the drug AKM increased by 36.3%, and Mars ELBi in spring application - yield increased by 33.5%. With an increase in the level of mineral nutrition, the yield increased on average by the use of Biohumus + Aidar by 19.1 %, while using Chlormequat-Chloride 750 in the spring by 14.2%. Novelty - First agricultural methods of the hard winter wheat of the kind Kontynent growing in the conditions of the northern Steppe were developed for the first time, the influence of the level of mineral nutrition on the formation of productivity is determined depending on predecessors at different sowing terms and seed rates. Growth and development principles, endurance of plants to adverse winter conditions, formation of the elements of hard winter wheat harvest structure depending on the main technological means. The optimal combination of elements of growing technology was determined and the effect of growth regulating drugs on wintering and yielding of hard winter wheat was investigated. The economic efficiency of applying growth-regulating drugs in the cultivation of hard winter wheat has been calculated. Field: agricultural science.