Krivitska I. . Diagnostics and monitoring of soil contamination by heavy metals in the urbanized landscapes of the Azov Sea

Object - technogenic heavy metal pollution of soils of urban areas. Purpose - scientifically substantiate the improvement of heavy metal pollution monitoring of soils of urban areas of the Azov Sea region using a set of chemical-analytical and biodiagnostic methods. Methods - field, chemical-analytical, biotesting, mathematical-statistical. Theoretical results - theoretical substantiation of a new solution of the scientific problem of diagnostics of soil contamination by heavy metals and improvement of soil monitoring of urbanized territories of the Azov region of Ukraine on the example of Mariupol and Berdyansk. Regularities of changes in the concentration of heavy metals in space and time as a theoretical basis for optimizing the structure of the soil monitoring network in cities and the frequency of observations have been established. Practical results - a comprehensive approach to the organization of soil monitoring in urban areas by combining chemical-analytical methods and biodiagnostic methods is proposed. For the general characteristic of the level of technogenic pollution on the territory of cities it is offered to define the urbanized background of mobile forms of heavy metals. To improve the assessment of the degree of danger of man-made pollution, a methodological approach to determining the phytotoxicity of soil using two test crops (Zea mays L. and Raphanus sativus L.) and taking into account the degree of imbalance of their growth. Novelty - for the first time: the peculiarities of the formation of the urban background of heavy metals in the soil cover of the two largest cities of the Azov Sea region of Ukraine have been established; the dynamics of spatial distribution of heavy metals in urban soils of zones of different functional purpose at different levels of man-caused load is revealed; developed an integrated quantitative indicator of soil phytotoxicity and proved the feasibility of its use for monitoring the lands of urban areas; methodical approaches to the organization of soil pollution monitoring by combining methods of chemical-analytical control and biotesting have been improved. Methods of studying the ecological condition of the soil cover in the conditions of urban areas and their applied application have been further developed. Degree of implementation - research materials are implemented in the work of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine to ensure the proper functioning and improvement of the land and soil monitoring system within the National Action Plan to combat land degradation and desertification, in the practice of the laboratory of biological research and biotesting of NDU "Ukrainian Research Institute of Environmental Problems" and the utility company "Regional Center of Natural Resources and Ecology" of the Kharkiv Regional Council, in the educational process of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Kharkiv National University named after V.N. Karazin and Kharkiv National Pedagogical University named after G.S. Skovoroda. The field is soil science.