The aim of the work was to study the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on epiphytic microbiota, qualitative and quantitative composition of root exometabolites of wheat and pea seedlings and their biological activity. In all experiments, different methods of pre-sowing treatment of wheat and pea seeds were used. The 2nd and 3rd methods of pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds led to stimulation of root growth, but in peas, only the 3rd pre-sowing treatment method stimulated root growth. It was found that the content of protein, free amino acids and carbohydrates in exometabolites of wheat increased from 1 to 3 days, while in peas it did not change. seed treatment methods did not affect the composition of root exudates. Only the 3rd method of pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds led to a decrease in carbohydrates and an increase in proteins in the composition of exudates, and led to a decrease in total root exudates, while in peas, to an increase only in the 3 day of growth. The number of border cells at the roots of wheat revealed about 100 cells per root, and in peas, their number was about 1500 or more cells. It was found that Pantoea agglomerans strain C410P1 and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SBW25 were found on wheat seeds, but on pea seeds: Klebsiella pneumoniae strain VB-1.5, Bacillus safensis strain 18, Bacillus pumilus strain G006, Staphylococcus pasteuri strain SMJ33. the second method of wheat treatment (ethyl alcohol and sodium hypochlorite) removed both types of bacteria. In the first method of peas treatment, Staphylococcus pasteuri was removed, while in the second method of treatment, Klebsiella pneumoniae was removed. The introduction of pea root exudates into the wheat seedlings culture accelerated wheat growth by 58 %. The introduction of wheat exudates accelerated the growth of peas, but not as pronounced as in wheat roots.
E. coli and Staph.pasteuri did not grow on the media of root exudates of wheat and pea. Kl. pneumoniae grew on wheat exudates. B. licheniformis and B. popilliae grew on the medium of root exudates of wheat and peas. The bacterium B. cereus grew on the root exudates of peas, and grew on the exudates of wheat. Moreover, these bacteria grew better on MPA than on root exudates. The introduction of liquid cultures of B.s cereus and B. popilliae in the culture of wheat or pea seedlings inhibited the growth of seedlings. It was found that the root exudates of wheat had a pronounced ability to intercept free radicals in the in vitro system, which was 40-60 %, which was not inferior to the accepted standard - ethyl alcohol. Also, root exudates of wheat had antioxidant activity, which was 25 % less than that of ɑ-tocopherol. Also, the introduction of root exudates of animal wheat per os one hour after surgery led to an increase in the specific radioactivity of DNA and RNA in liver cells compared with the control.
