The dissertation is devoted to the research of morphological-cultural, physiological, and biosynthetic features of 21 strains of Schizophyllum commune and 8 strains of Grifola frondosa of different geographical origin from the IBK Mushroom Culture Collection, M.G.Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, including 13 strains of S. commune isolated by the author from the fruit bodies collected in Ukraine.
As a result of the conducted researches of 21 strains S. commune and 8 strains G .frondosa the peculiarities of colony morphology and micromorphology were established and the radial rate of mycelial growth during cultivation on 15 agar nutrient media was determined. It was found that the morphology of colonies of both species depends primarily on the composition of agar media and may differ in various strains of the same species.
Studies of the radial growth rate on different agar media in from 4 to 37C revealed that its maximum value for G. frondosa was 4.8 mm / day, for S. commune — up to 12 mm / day at a temperature of 28C, which is characteristic of cultures with an average speed of growth and fast-growing species of basidial macromycetes, respectively.
For the first time it was found that the maximum temperature at which the viability of the vegetative mycelium is maintained in all studied strains of S. commune was 57-58 ° C, and for strains of G. frondosa — 35-36 ° C.
S. commune and G. frondosa strains were screened for the activity of different classes enzymes in order to determine the strain characteristics, as well as to assess the prospects of using selected strains as producers of enzyme preparations. Different spectrum and various degrees of reaction depending on the strain and weak dependence on temperature are revealed. It was found that xylanase, glucosidase, amylase, proteinase, laccase and peroxidase activities are more characteristic of S. commune strains, and lipase, amylase, cellulase and laccase activity are more characteristic of G. frondosa.
Among the ten sources of carbon and nine sources of nitrogen, used in the nutrient liquid media, glucose or starch and peptone have been shown to contribute to the growth of biomass by G. frondosa strains.
Among ten sources of carbon and nine sources of nitrogen, the presence of glucose or glycerol and peptone or tryptophan in the nutrient medium stimulates the growth of biomass by S. commune strains.
The influence of organic compounds added to the liquid synthetic nutrient media on the biosynthetic properties of species has been studied. The highest level of biomass accumulation was found on media with peptone or molasses for strain S. commune 1760 (15.5-15.7 g/dm3) and on media with peptone for strain G. frondosa 1790 (5.5 g/dm3). The biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides was maximal in S. commune 1760 (12.12 g/dm3) on a medium with corn extract, and in G. frondosa 1790 on a medium with molasses (3.5 g/dm3).
Data were obtained on the dynamics of the activity of cellulolytic and oxidative enzymes, as well as the concentration of reducing substances, protein and, pH in the culture filtrate of G. frondosa and S. commune strains when cultured on synthetic media with the addition of organic compounds and revealed dependence, primarily on the composition of the environment and variability of different strains and species.
According to the complex of studied traits, promising for biotechnological application strains of S. commune 1760 and G. frondosa 1790 were selected, and the conditions of their cultivation to obtain target products — biomass and exopolysaccharides were determined. The species affiliation of the S. commune 1760 strain was confirmed using the molecular-biological method of sequence determination of the small subunit ribosomal DNA gene.
For the first time, the possibility of effective use of the S. сommune 5009 exoenzyme complex for the machining of textile cellulose materials was investigated. The protein composition of the complex was determined and the optimal temperature of its conduction (+ 50 ° C) was established. Analysis of physical and mechanical properties and microscopy results of textile samples treated with the studied exoenzyme complex S. commune 5009, suggests the effectiveness of its use at the final stages of production of cellulose fabrics: bleaching, grinding, polishing.
The effect of the S. commune exopolysaccharide complex on the culture of transplanted pig testicular cells in vitro was established for the first time. The obtained data allow recommending the use of exopolysaccharide complex S. commune in low concentrations to improve the stability of cell cultures in supportive conditions.
