The dissertation is devoted to the study of the biology of strains of medicinal basidiomycetes L. sulphureus and C. squamosus in culture and to find out the possibility of their use as biotechnological objects. The selection of pure cultures of strains of the studied species was carried out. Research and description of morphological-cultural and micromorphological characteristics of their vegetative mycelium and the influence of nutrient medium composition and temperature on mycelial growth were performed on agar media. Their growth was studied on media with 11 different carbon sources and 9 different nitrogen sources, with different initial pH values of the medium and different plant impurities. The dynamics of changes in the main analytical parameters during the cultivation of L. sulphureus mycelium in deep culture was established. The biological activity of L. sulphureus strains was studied.
There were 13 strains of L. sulphureus and 7 strains of C. squamosus from fruiting bodies collected during the vegetative period of these species in 2001-2003, which supplemented the composition of The IBK Mushroom Culture Collection, described their cultural characteristics.
Features of the microstructure of the mycelium of L. sulphureus and C. squamosus were revealed using a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. For L. sulphureus apical conidia, chlamydospores, anastomoses and thin communicative hyphae were found, for C. squamosus - numerous clamp, chains of arthroconidia and dendroid structures.
Information on the rate of radial growth of L. sulphureus and C. squamosus on agar nutrient media of different compositions was obtained. In the studied cultures of L. sulphureus, the radial velocity ranged from 5.2 mm/day to 10.4 mm/day. The rate of radial growth of the studied strains of C. squamosus was in the range of 0.5 – 3.8 mm/day. The rate of radial growth differed on media of different compositions, the highest values were observed on agar beer wort for most strains of L. sulphureus and C. squamosus.
Among the studied temperatures, the most favorable for both studied species of L. sulphureus and C. squamosus was the temperature of 28°C.
It was found that for the studied strains of L. sulphureus the upper limit temperature is 38ºC, and for strains of C. squamosus – 36°C
For the studied strains of C. squamosus the presence of all oxidases was detected, and for strains of L. sulphureus tyrosinase and peroxidase. Information on the presence of the main groups of enzymes of carbon metabolism , nitrogen and lipid metabolism for the studied strains of L. sulphureus and C. squamosus was obtained.
The results obtained on the influence of different sources of carbon and nitrogen in a nutrient medium for the accumulation of biomass strains of L. sulphureus and C. squamosus. The most favorable source for the accumulation of biomass of L. sulphureus strains among the studied was glucose and a source of nitrogen – peptone. The most favorable source of carbon for biomass C. squamosus was fructose and nitrogen – peptone.
It was found that the most favorable for the accumulation of biomass initial pH value for L. sulphureus is 6.6, and for C. squamosus is 6.9.
It was on media with soybean flour that the greatest accumulation of biomass of L. sulphureus strains was observed 9.34 – 10.52 g/dm3.
The dynamics of changes in biomass, pH, dry matter and protein on soy-synthetic and glucose-peptone nutrient media for the strain L. sulphureus 1518 under conditions of deep cultivation. It is shown that the presence of soy flour in the nutrient medium accelerates the yield of the growth curve to the stationary growth phase.
L. sulphureus strains have pronounced antimicrobial properties against E. coli ATCC 25922 (F-50), S. aureus ATCC 6538P, P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, B. subtilis ATCC 6633. It is promising to cultivate strains of L. sulphureus 307, 308 and 1518 for 10-14 days for further production and isolation of antimicrobial substances.
The presence of lectins in both the mycelium and the culture fluid of L. sulphureus in the range from 0.3 (mg/cm3)-1 to 3 (mg/cm3)-1, which provides a basis for the possibility of obtaining lectins not only from fruiting bodies, but and from mycelial culture.
The content of carotenoids is higher when growing the mycelium of the strain L. sulphureus 1518 on a medium with glucose and peptone (777,25 ± 38,37 μg/g), in contrast to the synthetic medium with soy flour (289,02 ± 14,64 μg/g), however, this shows the viability of the studied strain of L. sulphureus as a producer of carotenoids.
The prospects of using the culture fluid of L. sulphureus strain 1774 for finishing processes of tissue treatment are promising, because the main indicators it is not inferior to commercial enzyme preparations. The most favorable conditions for the implementation of finishing processes of cotton fabrics, namely the pH at the level of 5 and at a temperature of 40ºC.
