The dissertation presents the results of research of growth, morphological and biosynthetic processes of strains of Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer, Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. and Sсhizophyllum commune Fr. under the action of laser irradiation with a wavelength of 405 nm, 532 nm and 635 nm at different energy doses (25.05–102.5 mJ/cm2) and experimentally determined the best radiation dose (51.1 mJ/cm2). The influence of laser irradiation on the radial growth rate and morphological features of the mycelium of the studied fungi was studied. In all variants of experiments to study the effect of laser radiation on the mycelium selected doses of light of different spectra with the same energy density. Irradiation with a wavelength of 532 nm and 635 nm was optimal for the growth of mycelium of P. ostreatus strains. In addition, we first found that 532 nm and 405 nm are optimal for the growth of mycelium of strains of L. sulphureus and F. velutipes, and 635 nm and 405 nm – for S. commune. We did not find any special differences in the morphological characteristics of the colonies of F. velutipes, L. sulphureus, P. ostreatus and S. commune under the action of irradiation. For the first time, the efficiency of using laser irradiation to increase the amount of protein in mycelia for species F. velutipes, L. sulphureus, P. оstreatus, S. сommune. The energy dose of irradiation in all embodiments of the influence of light on the amount of protein was the same (51.1 мJ/сm2). For P. оstreatus, L. sulphureus and F. velutipes, the most effective is the use of irradiation of wavelength of 532 nm, and for S. сommune - 635 nm, the protein content has increased to all strains studied by 20.2-36.3%. For the first time, the results of the study of the synthesis of exopolysaccharides of strains of S. сommune and endo- and exopolysaccharides of F. velutipes strains, P. оstreatus for laser irradiation actions are obtained. A significant increase in the number of polysaccharides for irradiation of the wavelength of 532 nm for P. оstreatus, F. velutipes and 635 nm for S. сommune has been established. For P. оstreatus, the number of endo- and exopolysaccharides increased by 30.5-42%, for F. velutipes - by 45.2-51.2%, and for S. сommune, the number of exopolysaccharides increased by 70.7%. For the first time, the influence of glucose concentration on the content and productivity of carotenoids in the micelle L. sulphureus for the action of laser irradiation is investigated. To increase the content and improvement of carotenoid productivity in myceloid L. sulphureus irradiation of wavelength of 532 nm was preferred than 405 and 635 nm: carotenoid content in mycelium increased by 66.1%, and performance increased by 166.3%. Investigated that the use of photographic mycelium in cultivation on a medium with a reduced 20% glucose concentration contributes to the growth of carotenoid content by 62.3% relative to non-industrial micelles on a medium with a glucose concentration of 10 g/dm3. Investigated that laser irradiation of wavelength of 532 nm, 635 nm and 405 nm leads to an increase in catalase and peroxidase activity of culture filtrate and homogenate mycelium of investigated strains. The largest reaction in response to irradiation wavelength of 405 nm was characterized by P. оstreatus mushroom strains and F. velutipes. For mushroom L. sulphureus it is advisable to use irradiation of wavelength of 532 nm. For fungus, S. сommune is effective to use irradiation of a wavelength of 635 nm.
