Mikheev V.S. Estimation of ecological impact of mobile technogenic objects on the state of the environment on the example of gas turbine engines Qualification scientific work on the rights of the manuscript.
Dissertation for Candidate of Science Degree in Specialty 21.06.01 - Environmental Safety (06 Technogenic Safety, Engineering Sciences). - State Ecological Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2020.
The work is devoted to the development of methods and algorithms for data processing in the information system for monitoring environmental pollution in airfield areas by combustion products of aviation fuel from gas turbine engines of aircraft based on verbal-numerical risk analysis to enhance the validity of management decisions.
The results of the analysis show that civil and military aircraft have a negative impact on the environmental situation of airfields and airfields. The effect of aviation on the environment is the pollution of the atmosphere by combustion products of aviation, road and other fuels, contamination of soil and groundwater with fuel and lubricants (emergency drains of fuel from aircraft, ducts during refueling, etc.), noise pollution and a number of other pollutants.
Aviation emissions occur through the use of jet fuel (kerosene) and aviation gasoline (for piston engines), which are used as fuel for aircraft.
It is determined that the maximum possible environmental pollution is possible at the moments of maximum power intensity of the aircraft, at the initial stage of start and climb. Studies have shown that the most polluted areas are the adjacent territories in the area of aerodromes and in particular the runway.
In the work the algorithm of construction of the integral ecological estimation of the state of the environment in the aerodrome territory is proposed, characterized in that it is a weighted average geometric value and can be used for verbal-numerical analysis of ecological risk and taking into account the influence of gas turbine engines of aircraft. An analytical model was obtained that characterizes the patterns of influence on the environment depending on the modes of operation of aviation GTD based on the calculation of emissions of combustion products of aviation fuel, which provides the possibility of environmental assessment to determine the level of environmental pollution in the aerodrome territory.
The scientific and methodological apparatus for the reduction of toxic substances by a slight modification of the existing combustion chambers and the restructuring of the combustion chambers has been improved. The method of estimation of the condition of aerodrome complexes at pollution of products of combustion of aviation fuel from gas turbine engines of aircraft in the territory of aerodromes has been further developed;
The practical significance of the obtained results makes it possible to assess the state of the environment and to analyze the data of aviation fuel combustion products from gas turbine engines of aircraft, which makes it possible to determine the effective mode of use of aircraft power plants.
The proposed scientific and methodological apparatus allows to calculate and determine the nature conservation measures, which can have a positive effect on the environment in the area of the aerodrome for environmental safety. Also, the developed scientific and methodological apparatus can be used in environmental assessment to determine the level of environmental pollution at the aerodrome, which is the basis for carrying out prognostic analysis and determining the level of environmental risks.
The scientific results of the researches are a contribution to the theory of development of scientific methods of research of the complex estimation and forecasting of influence of technogenic pollution on environment and man.
A promising direction for further research is the creation of a system of environmental safety management in the airfield territories with the prediction of environmental risks and the support of management decisions.
Key words: aviation engineering, airfield, aviation transport, emissions, gas turbine engine, engine emission, environmental safety, environmental risk, environmental pollution, systematic approach.
