The thesis aims at determining the psychological factors and the development of the personal readaptation program of women with mental disorders.
The essential theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of readaptation and the role of abilities in the adaptation process were analyzed. Readaptation is one of the stages of psychosocial rehabilitation of people with mental disorders. Personal readaptation is a process of readaptation to life, which is associated with awareness of changes in the psyche, restructuring, and assertion on this basis of personal identity in self-development, social relationships, and professional activity.
The results are based on a comprehensive study of 115 women. The experimental group consisted of 92 persons who have various types of mental disorders. The control group included 23 persons without mental disorders. The clinical, psychodiagnostic, mathematical, and statistical methods were used in the study.
The theoretical model of abilities as the factors of personal readaptation was developed. Personal-value readaptation resources are represented by four types of abilities: reflective, communicative, professional, and creative. The purposes of reflective abilities are to accept self changes and preserve self-identity. The concerns of communicative abilities are to establish and maintain relations with people in the community. The development of professional abilities performs the function of the restoration of professional competencies and the formation of new ones. Creative abilities provide psychotherapeutic and life creation functions.
In the course of the empirical study, it was found that women with mental disorders experience an identity crisis. It manifests itself in a distortion of self-image, a decrease in social activity, low or exaggerated rates of self-esteem and self-attitude, which leads to self-depreciation. The patients have communication difficulties, suffer from self-stigmatization, and self-isolation. They tend to fix the destructive changes in the mind, underrate their gender roles. The changes in self-identity depend on the type of disorder.
The program of personal readaptation of women with mental disorders was developed and tested. The analysis of a subjective picture of abilities was conducted out depending on the type of mental disorders. The personal value adaptation resources were determined. In the course of psychological analysis, it was found that the subjective picture of abilities depends on the type of mental disorder and personality changes. Women with mental disorders focus mainly on the family, household sphere, leisure, health improvement, and general self-development. They pay less attention to professional and social activities. It was found that among the reference relations, the family and friends are much more important than people from the professional community and virtual groups.
The essence of providing value-based support for the self-development of abilities as a form of psychological assistance, which is grounded on the genetic modeling approach, was described. Value-based support aimed at awareness of preserved and lost abilities, at forming of a value attitude toward abilities as resources for readaptation. It was found that the activity of the person depends on the understanding of personality changes, caused by mental disorders. The patients are more in need of development professional, communicative abilities, and social skills than of creative abilities.
The development of reflective capabilities provides the expansion of other types of adaptive abilities. The participants recorded that in the process of value support as a kind of psychological assistance they improved their communicative and creative abilities significantly, rethought the life situation. Simultaneously, they had some difficulties with professional abilities’ development, so it can be explained by the lack of professional activity.
The effectiveness of the program was proven by the increase in the following indicators: the fullness of the structure of adaptive abilities; realistic plans for self-development of abilities; expansion of the circle of reference persons; positive feedback from patients on the effectiveness of the program.
The perspectives of further research include the widening of the use of a program of personal readaptation of people with mental disorders as well as the study of reflective abilities as a factor of self-regulation and self-control.
