The work is devoted to the analysis of factors affecting the reduction of energy consumption of architectural objects, and the possibility of using the potentials of alternative and renewable energy sources in the regions of Ukraine, as well as the creation of an integrated graphic-analytical and computer model for the formation and implementation of energy-active buildings.
After analyzing the current state of the design and implementation of energy-active architectural objects in Ukraine and in the world, the concepts of energy efficiency and energy activity of buildings are disclosed on the basis of the history of their origin, and already designed and implemented objects are considered.
The experience of using renewable energy sources (RES) and the possibilities of power supply of architectural objects, taking into account their use, in their design, construction and operation of buildings, are analyzed and summarized.
The analysis of the level of design and implementation of energy-active buildings as an object that efficiently uses the heat of the external and internal environment is a collector and accumulator of thermal and solar energy, all elements of which are consistent with the only principle – the generation of energy is more than the building needs.
A systematic understanding of renewable energy sources has been formed and the basic principles of their implementation and use in the operation of residential and public buildings have been considered, the relevance and need for widespread use of existing RES potentials in Ukraine have been substantiated.
For creation integrated graphic-analytical model for research and design of power supply systems for architectural objects in Ukraine and choosing a rational graphic model for presentation and computer modeling, the concept of functional graphics based on graphic technologies was used. From the available infographic tools, graphic models were selected that combine simultaneously modeling, synthesizing and technological functions (SANKEY charts, bar charts, sector charts).
Complex hierarchical geometric models and sequential schemes for improving the energy efficiency of buildings have been built for the further implementation of BIM-technologies at all stages of their life cycle: preparatory, pre-design, design, construction, operational and post-design periods. The possibilities of achieving a reduction in energy consumption through the use of combinations of potentials of energy-saving measures are considered, a methodology for calculating the effect of the introduction of energy-efficient technologies and an estimate of the approximate total cost of a project to improve the energy efficiency of a building is determined, which is the basis for making fundamental decisions about starting a project to improve its energy efficiency.
The structure of the dissertation research includes: the visual-matrix research, graphic models and the creation of a software complex for graphic-analytical modeling of the use of non-traditional energy sources at the regional level; creation of a conceptual, interpretive and BIM-oriented design model of an energy-active building at the facility level. To visualize and test the obtained models, an integrated model for finding optimal design solutions was built and tested using SANKEY graphic models, columnar and sectorial diagrams.
A method of graphic-analytical modeling and optimization of the transition to alternative energy supply in the design of energy-active buildings was developed according to the criterion of the expediency of placing energy-active buildings, and a software complex was created using BIM-technology, which automates and visualizes the process of researching optimal decisions on energy consumption for each region of Ukraine.
To test the graphic-analytical models, the author considered a complex graphic-analytical model of creating an energy-active building by thermal modernization of a five-story building in Kyiv. The energy audit report is taken as a basis. A complex graphic-analytical model for studying the parameters of energy efficiency of a high-rise residential building, which is being designed in Kyiv, has been created.
Key words: energy-active building, complex graphic-analytical model, BIM-oriented model, graphical model of energy consumption, renewable energy sources, balance of energy consumption, energy potential, energy efficient technologies, complex integrated model.
