On the improved theoretical and methodological principles of the constructive geography and anthropogenic landscape science the scientific task of understanding the formation, current state, features of functioning and reconstruction and protection of urban landscapes of Eastern Podillya is solved.
The process of development is studied and four stages of cognition of formation of town landscapes of Eastern Podillya are singled out: initial (till the XX century), historical and natural science (XIX – 20 s of the XX century), local lore (30−80 s of the XX century), landscape science (90 s of the XX century − the beginning of the XXI century). The stages are different in terms of time and content, but really reflect the process of formation of the towns of Eastern Podillya and the formation of their modern landscape structure.
The defining features of urban landscapes are substantiated: better than in the cities of "reflection" in the modern structure of the natural basis of their formation; the presence of centers in the landscape structure; dependence of the landscape structure on the ethnic groups that inhabited and developed the town; the presence of an underground horizon of anthropogenic complexes; separation of the suburbs; belonging to the group of frame anthropogenic landscapes. Their typology according to the performed functions is carried out, the landscape structure is investigated taking into account its height differentiation and the classification of town landscapes of Eastern Podillya by genesis and types of economic activity.
The zoning of urban landscapes of Eastern Podillya has been carried out and substantiated, 4 regions and 6 subregions have been singled out: regions of the Dnieper upland, the Dniester-Bug interfluve upland, the PodilskyPobuzhya, which is formed by the northern transitional, prybuzko middle and southern strips, the region of the MohylivTransnistria with isolated northern transitional, middle, Transnistrian left-bank strips.They are heterogeneous and significantly different in terms of spatial location and structure of urban landscapes. In the areas of the Dnieper Upland and the Dniester-Bug Interfluve Upland, where watersheds and plateau areas predominate, the structure of urban landscapes is not complicated and their future reconstruction requires less material and financial costs. In the regions of PodilskyPobuzhya and MohylivTransnistria, three strips of urban landscapes have been singled out, with their own structure and possibilities for further reconstruction and protection.
For landscape-ecological and design improvement of town landscapes of Eastern Podillya the directions of reconstruction and restoration in accordance with modern requirements of rational nature use and protection of residential landscapes are developed. Among them is a combination of "two cultures", in other words the rational use of traditional and modern in their reconstruction; the affiliation of the town to a particular type of economic activity − recreational, transport, agricultural, etc ., spatial location and administrative purposeare taking into account.
