Melnik O. Ecological and geographical analysis of nature management problems at the local level in the conditions of administrative-territorial reform

The dissertation reveals the theoretical and methodological aspects of ecological and geographical research of anthropogenic nature management processes at the local level, namely in Ivanychi district of Volyn region under the conditions of administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine. The essence of economic nature management by types is determined and the specifics of rational nature management are revealed. The corresponding algorithm of ecological-geographical research is developed, constructed and analyzed. The assessment of physical and geographical conditions that affect the formation of natural resource potential of the district, and are factors in the course of nature management processes. The natural and anthropogenic landscape systems of administrative units or united territorial communities within the district have been studied. The influence of technogenic processes and factors on the formation of ecological and geomorphological situation is substantiated. A retrospective is studied and maps of the formed time groups of the settlement development of the territory of Ivanychi district from the ancient times to the present day are created. According to the first written mentions, which indicate the time of origin of the settlement within the district and the surrounding area, it is proposed to form four groups: 1) the oldest; 2) middle age; 3) compared young people; 4) modern. Ivanychi district belongs to rural areas, as it is characterized by a predominance of rural residents . The largest settlements, the settlements of Ivanychi and Blagodatne, are small in population. This region is characterized by the preservation of the hamlet (yard) settlement system and traditional rural buildings. To determine the settlement load on the territory of Ivanychi district and the adjacent territory, maps of the density of settlements and the dynamics of the settlement load were drawn up. Taking into account the landforms on which the settlements are located, they can be combined into 6 groups. The method of complex assessment of environmental transformation for different types of nature management is proposed, which, in contrast to the existing ones, makes it possible to comprehensively analyze the level of anthropogenic transformation of industrialized regions taking into account gross regional product and population. A mathematical model for estimating the degree of environmental impact has been developed. The graph of the relationship between the calculated coefficients of anthropogenic and economic transformation of the Volyn region for different types of nature and the average gross regional product of these areas, calculated in proportion to the population, shows a close linear relationship with the coefficient of 0.96. The territory of Ivanychi district, as well as Lutsk district, is excessively transformed in terms of the level of environmental transformation in different types of nature management. These areas are characterized by high population density, the initial share of arable land, small afforestation and protected areas. Prospects and problems of rational use of natural resources within the administrative units of the district are determined. Measures to optimize the spatial and functional structure of facilities and areas for improving the management of natural resources in terms of sustainable development are proposed.