Liashenko L. Psychological peculiarities of the development of voluntary attention of schoolchildren from primary school in the process of learning a foreign language.

The dissertation deals with the problem of studying a process of the development of voluntary attention of junior schoolchildren in the process of learning a foreign language by them. Taking into account the results of theoretical analysis of the scientific literature, the characteristics, stages, forms and types of voluntary attention of the individual were established. It was noted that the stages of functioning of voluntary attention are such, as: a primary stage, predictive and secondary ones. The types of voluntary attention are focal and peripheral. The forms of voluntary attention include mechanical, instinctive, reflexive, volitional and post-voluntary ones.Psychological factors of the formation of voluntary attention of junior schoolchildren by means of a foreign language were determined: taking into account by the teacher the characteristics of voluntary attention through the formation of a symbolic or conditional field that develops simultaneously with the word, and giving importance to the “internal form” of the latter; the development and the complication of the internal form of speech, on the basis of which the formation of a foreign language expression of a junior pupil takes place; the facilitation by the teacher voluntary attention, which creates an image that is based on the image in a paradigm of the situation of limited conditional field, and there is a foreign language interaction. It is this mechanism that brings learning situations closer to real ones, which will be continued in a future life of pupils, will allow them to “transfer” knowledge, skills and abilities acquired at the lessons to further situations of foreign language interaction with native speakers in a cross-cultural space. Keywords: voluntary attention, cognitive processes, primary voluntary attention, predicative voluntary attention, secondary voluntary attention, a focal type, a peripheral type.