The list of the basic ways of clearing of industrial drains of organic, mineral and biological pollution is defined. The advantages and disadvantages of these cleaning methods are established. The application of physicochemical technologies for wastewater treatment of yeast production in Ukraine and abroad is considered in detail, the characteristics of physicochemical methods, industry and conditions of their application are determined.
The prospects of using electrodialysis, ultrasound, magnetic field, low- and ultra-high-frequency radiation as methods of purification and disinfection of yeast production wastewater are noted. Physicochemical and microbiological analysis was used to study the physicochemical and microbiological composition of wastewater of 3 stages of yeast separation and general discharge wastewater (yeast plant of Kyiv region).
In order to obtain information about the course of the cleaning process, experimental studies were conducted at laboratory facilities, the results of which established the optimal parameters of the action of physical factors, in which there is an increase in the efficiency of the cleaning and disinfection process.
When using electrodialysis in wastewater, the pH level, the concentration of free chlorine increased, the color and oxidation decreased. The best disinfection of wastewater occurred in the anode zone with a duration of exposure to electrodialysis of 20 minutes.
After ultrasonic cleaning with an operating frequency of 840 kHz, a power of 91 W, an intensity of 0.7 W / cm2 and a duration of 12 minutes. the degree of water purification by physicochemical parameters is in the range of 55 - 79%, and the degree of disinfection is 98%.
After exposure to a magnetic field with a magnetic induction intensity of
75 mTl exposure for 10 minutes there was a decrease in the physico-chemical index of COD by 72 %. The degree of purification by other indicators is in the range of 30 - 50%, and the degree of disinfection of microorganisms is 87 %.
The result of low-frequency radiation with a frequency of 100 kHz, a voltage amplitude of 5 V for 17 minutes showed a decrease in the level of organic matter by 60 %, mineral matter – 73 %, the degree of disinfection is 76 %.
The results of purification by ultrahigh-frequency radiation with a frequency of 60 GHz, a wavelength of 270 mm with an exposure of 24 minutes indicate a decrease in suspended solids, chlorides and sulfates in the range of 72–80 %, the degree of disinfection is 64 %.
Thus, the use of physico-chemical methods of wastewater treatment allows to obtain a high antimicrobial effect and a significant reduction in pollutants, which contributes to the improvement of sanitary and epidemiological indicators of wastewater quality.
It has been experimentally confirmed that among all the studied physicochemical methods, the process of purification and disinfection of yeast wastewater was most effective under the action of ultrasound, in which the degree of disinfection from microorganisms is 98 % and purification from organic and mineral substances - up to 71 %.
The scientific novelty of the work is as follows. For the first time, the optimal parameters of electrodialysis, ultrasound, magnetic field, low-frequency and ultra-high-frequency radiation were theoretically substantiated and experimentally selected. The reduction of the content of pollutants and microorganisms in wastewater by physico-chemical methods to the normative level has been established.
Knowledge on the influence of electrodialysis, ultrasound, magnetic field,
low-frequency and ultra-high-frequency radiation on the process of wastewater treatment of yeast production depending on their parameters and duration of action was further developed.
The result of the research can be used to create an industrial technological process for the purification of waste water from a drip water plant.
