Chyzhevska L. Principles of architectural and planning organization of rural areas and settlements with tourist and recreational functions

The dissertation research is devoted to the problems of town - planning formation of the tourist and recreational environment of rural territories and settlements. The preconditions for the development of rural forms of recreation and tourism in Ukraine at the current stage of its socio-economic development are determined. The domestic practical experience of the development of rural territories and settlements in 12 oblasts, where united territorial communities (UTG) are formed, is generalized. The main factors influencing the formation of the multifunctional structure of new territorial formations are investigated. Improved methods for assessing the potential of rural areas are presented: "comprehensive" assessment of the entire territory of the united community "specialized" landscape and recreational assessment of individual land plots "ecological and urban" assessment of the territory. The method of determining the "recreational capacity" of rural areas, proposed by the author, involves the integration and comparison of indicators of their "comprehensive", "specialized" and "ecological and urban" assessment and on this basis to determine the "rating" attractiveness of individual sites The main scientific principles of architectural and planning organization of rural areas and settlements in the conditions of STG are formulated: the principle of "preservation of traditional rural settlement" (revival of historical and cultural identity); the principle of "reservation and targeted use of local natural and cultural resources" (identification of valuable areas for promising tourist and recreational development); the principle of "creation of new forms of entrepreneurship" (expansion of the list of objects of individual production); the principle of "formation of ecologically favorable tourist and recreational environment" (increasing the level of architectural and landscape arrangement of rural settlements and nature protection). Based on the "scenario approach", planning models for the formation of the tourist and recreational environment of rural settlements of OTG have been developed, taking into account spatial and visual connections (excursion routes, ecological trails) and different natural conditions of the countryside. The “compositional” methods of spatial-planning organization of the tourist-recreational environment depending on the types of territorial formations in the countryside are determined; the united territorial community; rural settlement; tourist-recreational complex (institution); Techniques of architectural and landscape "arrangement" of this type of environment (renovation of objects of folk architecture, revitalization of garden and park complexes and estates of prominent cultural figures, reconstruction of rural housing, construction of new housing and recreational complexes, etc.) are considered. The socio-economic efficiency and profitability of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere in rural areas as an independent industry, which affects changes in the structure of social and recreational needs of the population and the expansion of individual entrepreneurship, has been confirmed. The version of calculation of indicators of "efficiency" of the functioning of this sphere in rural conditions which are established by the corresponding formulas is improved by the author. It is proposed to make proposals to the relevant existing DBN, to make changes and include additional information in terms of terminology ("landscape plan", "farm hospitality", "guest house", etc.); landscape assessment indicators (1 - high level of attractiveness 0.5 - medium; 0.05 - low); etc. The relevance of this area of research has been proved, which can be developed in terms of developing the classification of buildings and structures for tourist and recreational purposes and regulations for their design in rural areas; study of the problems of small requirements of historical settlements and ethnic centres as attractions of the tourist and recreational network.