Mikheeva O. The yield and quality of grain soybean according to the sowing methods and sowing rates in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

The dissertation has already given a theoretical generalization and a new approach to the solved scientific problem of optimizing the elements of technology for growing modern varieties of soybean for the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The technology was based on the study of the following factors: methods of sowing with different row spacing and seeding rates, which took into account the characteristics soybean varieties in different maturity groups. Taking into account the already processed Ukrainian and foreign scientific sources, the main advantages of soybean as a valuable legume and oilseed crop were characterized. Based on the results of the study, it has already been established that for the full realization of the potential of crop productivity will be necessary to study and improve the existing elements of cultivation technology methods of sowing and seeding rates. An important factor in improving the efficiency production of soybean is the study new varieties of this crop. Analysis the results of yield grain showed that the highest yield of grain soybean of both varieties for all seeding rates has already provided a row method of sowing. On row sowing methods of soybean varieties Baika and Annushka the highest yield of grain on average over the years (2.32 and 1.88 t/ha) was obtained at sowing rates 1.0 and 1.2 million pcs/ha, on crops with row spacing 45 cm for sowing 0.9 and 1.1 million pcs/ha 1.95 and 1.62 t/ha and for crops with row spacing 70 cm for sowing 0.8 and 1.0 million pcs/ha 1.29 and 1.28 t/ha, respectively. In years with different meteorological conditions, the content protein in the soybean grain variety Annushka was obtained by 1.0–1.1%, which was higher than in the variety Baika. Plant thickening provided increased content protein in the grain. Comparison obtaining protein indicators showed a significant advantage of the variety Baika, which was associated with a significantly higher yield of grain. The distribution obtaining of protein indicators under the influence of the studied factors is similar to the yield of grain indicators. Its highest rate was observed on row sowing methods of soybean variety Baika at sowing rates of 1.0 million pcs/ha 0.791 t/ha, in soybean variety Annushka was on row sowing methods, but at seeding rates of 1.2 million pcs/ha 0.671 t/ha. Unlike to content of protein in the grain, the content of oil in the grain at both soybean varieties with increased sowing rate and extended row spacing decreased. With the increased sowing rate from 0.8 to 1.2 million pcs/ha, the oil content in soybean seeds decreased from 20.9 to 20.2%. On average over the years, the content of oil in the seeds soybean variety Baika was 2.7% higher than in the variety Annushka. In general, according to the experiment, the highest level of profit and profitability of production on average over the years (13.31 ths. UAH/ha and 111.1%, respectively) was obtained on row sowing methods of soybean variety Baika at sowing rates of 1.0 million pcs/ha.