Shovkova O. Formation of soybean productivity depending on the sowing terms and mineral nutrition in the conditions of the left-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The research object is the processes of plant growth and development, functioning of photosynthetic and symbiotic apparatus, formation of yield and quality of soybean seed depending on the farming techniques of cultivation and weather conditions of the year. The research aim is to determine the peculiarities of plant growth and development, formation of soybean crops productivity depending on pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilizing of crops with multicomponent microfertilizers on a chelate basis with different sowing terms in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Research methods are general scientific, special, visual, quantitative, measurement and weight, physiological, biochemical, mathematical and statistical, calculation and comparative. The novelty is solving an important scientific problem to substantiate the elements of soybean cultivation technology in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by applying multicomponent microfertilizers on a chelate basis with different sowing terms. The effectiveness of soybean cultivation with pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilizing of crops with microfertilizers with different sowing terms in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was substantiated and experimentally proved for the first time. Taking into account the biological traits of modern soybean varieties, the possibility of sowing it at a temperature of the sowing soil layer of 10°С was defined. The reasonability of controlling the photosynthetic and symbiotic activity of soybean crops during the growing season using microfertilizers on a chelate basis was substantiated. The dependence of a yield level and seed quality on the studied factors and weather conditions of the year was established. The technology of soybean cultivation in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was improved by optimizing the studied agrarian and technical measures with ensuring economic and energy efficiency. Results: on the basis of research conducted throughout the period of 2013-2018, the elements of technology for growing early ripening soybean varieties in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were improved by choosing the seeding term and application of multicomponent microfertilizers on a chelate basis in order to increase soybean plants resistance to adverse environmental conditions and obtain a high level of productivity. Degree of implementation: comprehensive application of multicomponent microfertilizers on a chelate basis for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilizing of crops with different sowing terms was introduced on farms of various forms of ownership of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Field of application: scientific institutions of the NAAS, NAS and the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine, educational institutions, agrarian organizations of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine.