The dissertation is devoted to the metabolic syndrome early signs detection in almost healthy young and middle-aged people.
118 completely healthy people have been examined, who applied to the Center for Health and Longevity Technologies (Kyiv) in 2017-2019 in order to assess their health status and further recommendations for correction of identified abnormalities and existing changed indicators. Among them – 79 men and 39 women. The average age of men was 37.18±0.89, women – 40.37±1.56 years.
The methods of study: for physical development assessment – questionnaire, anthropometric method; for body composition studying – bioimpedance method; for determining the indicators of the metabolic profile, aerobic capacity; biochemical methods with determination of the parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, endocrine and urinary systems, inflammation markers (C-reactive protein); statistical – for the received results objectification and descriptiveness.
The peculiarities of anthropometric, metabolic, body composition signs of metabolic syndrome in healthy individuals of different age groups have been studied and a correlation of average strength between body mass index and age (r=0.30), level of physical activity (r=-0.56), having meals after 19:00 (r=0.44), adherence to the daily routine (r=-0.66) have been established for men; for women between body mass index and age (r=0.32), the level of physical exercise (r=-0.52), having meals after 19:00 (r=0.41), adherence to the daily routine (r=-0.48).
The deviations in the anthropometric profile (risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome) indicators have been found in somatically healthy women from the age of 21 (42.9 % of cases); the abdominal circumference gradually increases with age (from 28.57 % to 50.00 cases); waist circumference / thigh circumference ratio – from 14.29 % (single cases) to 57.14 %. The pre-obesity state according to the Ketle index is quite often found in women having I and II degree of obesity (in the first group in 85.71 % of cases, in the second group – in 83.3 %, in the third group — 58.3 %, in the fourth group – 37.5 %). The body shape index in women of all ages had no significant difference between the groups.
The biochemical picture of blood during the disease development at the «normoglycemic» stage of the metabolic syndrome has revealed that the activity of liver enzymes were not deviating from the standard reference limits; liver’s protein-synthesizing function was characterized by significantly reduced rates in people with different body mass index; in lipid metabolism, the difference between the indicators in overweight people and the I degree of obesity is probable only in terms of triglycerides (the difference between the I and II degree of obesity is probable in the majority of indicators: increase in total cholesterol and atherogenic factor, decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and the difference between the indicators in overweight people and those with grade II obesity is likely in all cases. The content of triglycerides has the most pronounced and gradual dynamics, which steadily increases from overweight to obesity of I and II degree. While determining the function of endocrine organs, it has been found that the level of cortisol is the lowest in grade II obesity, and the highest is in the body overweight, although these indicators do not deviate from the standard reference limits. Indicators of thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood did not show deviations from the standard reference limits. The creatinine content was 86.88 ± 4.03 mmol/l, which is within the standard reference limits (<106 μmol/l). The uric acid content did not exceed the standard reference limits in obesity of the I degree, but was probably higher than in body overweight and in obesity of the II degree. The C-reactive protein content in the blood in body overweight showed a level of 1.64 ± 0.4 mg/l (average risk of diseases). Under the I degree obesity conditions, the value increased to 2.11 ± 0.5 mg/l (average risk of diseases). The highest content was observed in people with grade II obesity – 3.15 ± 0.7 mg/l (high risk of diseases). These data confirm a weak inflammatory process presence.
Based on the detected early manifestations of metabolic syndrome, the diagnostic algorithm has been substantiated, which consists in constant monitoring of the health status of people with the presence of several components of this disease
A set of measures of primary, secondary and tertiary individual prevention aimed at preventing diseases caused by dysmetabolic syndrome and its complications, based on the correction of exercises, nutrition, drinking, working, resting and sleeping regimes, aimed at combating bad habits have been substantiated.
