Bataltsev Y. Modeling of technogenic impact on the environment by thermal power facilities

The thesis is devoted to the solution of the urgent scientific and practical issue of modeling the technogenic impact of thermal power facilities on the atmosphere and hydrosphere and the development of measures to increase the level of environmental safety in the areas of their location. As a result of the research, a mathematical model of the combustion process in boilers with a circulating fluidized bed and a model of the transfer of pollutants along the soil profile in the area of thermal power plants were developed. Taking into account the changes in the pressure and water saturation, that are depended on the amount of precipitation and the climate as a whole, the forecast of the state of groundwater in the aeration zone of the investigated heat-power facility, as well as in the filtration of water from the ash-and-slag dump, was carried out. Algorithms for the numerical solution of the problems of profile filtration and pollutants’ mass transfer were developed based on of the finite element method. A study of the utilization of waste gases during the destruction of fuel at thermal power facilities was carried out. A mechanism for binding nitrogen and sulfur compounds in the zone of fuel destruction has been formed. The operation mode of devices of thermal power facilities with full utilization of technogenic gases is proposed. In order to assess the impact on the environment of coal-fired thermal power facilities and to identify migration paths of pollutants, soil, vegetation, and snow cover were studied for the content of heavy metals in the area of the CHPP. The research results confirmed that the enterprise has a negative impact on the nearby territories. At the same time, the highest level of danger for water bodies is posed by an ash-and-slag dump. A protective screen in the ash-and-slag dump is proposed, it will reduce the technogenic load of the ash-and-slag waste storage sites on the hydrosphere. Studies have confirmed that local clay sorbents can be effectively used as sorbents. Ash-and-slag waste processing is also a perspective area. Inspection of that wastes on CHPP confirmed the possibility of their use in the construction industry.