The dissertation focuses on the Charantian industries, which differ between the Middle Paleolithic technocomplexes of Transcarpathia. The research aims to define their homogeneity, chronology, technical and typological features. Models of artifact reduction and use of raw materials within sites have been reconstructed.
It was analyzed 10,305 artifacts were from collections of the Korolevo, Ruban, Malyi Rakovets IV, and Rokosovo sites. These sites are compactly located within an 8 km radius in the high Pleistocene terraces of both Tysa bank. The condition of the cultural layer is different for these sites. Deposits at the Rokosovo site and partially at the 2nd excavation area of Korolevo II site were destroyed. Therefore, any stratigraphic correlation and dating of these materials are unavailable. At Malyi Rakovets IV, there is a decrease in the thickness of Pleistocene deposits, which caused a variability of the materials’ chronological interpretation. At Korolevo site, the archeological layer II lies in the lower part of the loam soil where it contacts the last interglacial paleosoil, and in Ruban – in the upper part of the transition horizon from the Pryluky to Udai units, which correlates with the top of the above paleosoil. Thus, the complexes of Korolevo, Ruban, and Malyi Rakovets IV can be simultaneous or very close in time of existence within the period from the final stage of Pryluky (pl3c) to Udai stages.
In general, the technical and typological characteristics of Transcarpathian complexes have the basic criteria for defining industries such as Quina tape. Accordingly, they delineate the eastern boundary of the spread of these industries in Europe, which are currently unknown to the East from the Carpathians. However, some of their analogies are recorded in the west, in the collections of two Hungarian sites Shubayuk and Erd.
The sites analyzed in the dissertation research is identified as a sign of the migration of Neanderthals, the bearers of the Quina-type industry, from the West to the territory of Transcarpathia. For the first time they appear in the region of the Upper-Tysa Depression at the beginning of Wurm, in the period from the end of MIS 5a – MIS 4 (74,000 – 64,000 years ago).
