Koloianidi N. Influence of herbicides and seeding methods on productivity of chickpea in Southern Steppe of Ukraine

The thesis is devoted to studying features of formation of a chickpea yield on non-irrigated lands depending on variety, sowing method and herbicidal background. The work presents influence of investigated factors on growth and development of plants, photosynthetic activity and weediness of crops, water regime of soil and peculiarities of water consumption of the crop, as well as yield and main indicators of seed quality, determined economic and energy assessments of growing technology of chickpea. So, for first time for conditions of South of Ukraine, elements of chickpea cultivation technology have been developed that ensure the formation of crop productivity on basis of new domestic highly productive varieties adapted to dry conditions, reducing costs by minimizing chemical load and using optimal sowing method. The studied agrotechnical methods for growing chickpeas provide yields of 1.45-1.64 t/ha, cost savings of 18-27%. The lowest water consumption for the formation of 1 ton of seed was determined in the crops of the so-called large-seeded varieties Triumph and Budzhak – 2055-2176 m3 of water. Against background of introduction of tank mix Pulsar (0.5 l/ha) and Bazagran (1.0 l/ha), the level of weediness of crops was lowest, and effectiveness of chemical agents reached 81%. The use of a tank mixture of Pulsar and Bazagran herbicides in chickpea crops increases grain yield by 0.07-0.12 t/ha or 5-9% compared to mono-spring of these chemicals. Advantage is provided by Budzhak variety for yield of protein, in wide-row sowing of which, when using a tank mixture of herbicides, this indicator reached 445 kg/ha. By wide-row sowing of Budzhak cultivar with combined use against weeds Pulsar (0.5 l/ha) and Bazagran (1.0 l/ha), a high income per unit area (9547 UAH/ha) and most profitable seed (76%). Keywords: chickpea, variety, herbicides, seeding methods, productivity, quality of seed, economic and energy efficiency of growing technology