Kasatkina T. Optimization of elements of the technology for growing spring barley in the conditions of the Southen Steppe of Ukraine

The peculiarities of growth and development of spring barley plants depending on the variety and nutritional optimization have been investigated. Dynamics of increase of above-ground biomass of plants, area of leaf surface, intensity of photosynthesis process in main interfacial periods of growth of barley varieties of spring depending on factors are established. It was found that plants of both varieties of spring barley, while optimizing nutrition, significantly more effectively used reserves of soil moisture and precipitation of the growing season. The rate of water consumption in comparison with uncomfortable plant crops decreased on average over the years of research to 30.0 or more percent, which is extremely important for the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The biologics taken for study showed a stimulating effect on the growth processes of spring barley plants: plant height, biomass growth, assimilation surface area, etc. Between the height of spring barley plants and their accumulation of above-ground dry biomass, a close correlation was determined: for the Stalker variety r=0.787, and the Vacula variety r=0.741. A closer effect is determined between the height of the plants and the growth of the raw above-ground substance - r=0.848 and r=0.819, respectively. The maximum yield of barley grain of the spring variety Stalker was obtained at the level of 3.6 tons/ha for use for feed to Fresh Florida, 300 g/ha, and Vakula variety - 3.7 tons/ha in the same version for threefold treatment. Compared to the controls, the grain yield of the studied varieties increased by 44.0 and 48.0%, respectively. When optimizing nutrition, the protein content in the grain of barley varieties of spring also grows. In the control of the Stalker variety, it contained 10.8% in the grain, and 10.7% in the Vakula variety. During feeding, the amount of protein grew to 11.0-11.6% and 10.9-11.6%, respectively, and its conditional collection in controls increased to 46.2 and 50.0%. Resource-saving nutrition had a positive effect on the natural mass of grain, the mass of 1000 grains, reaching maximum values with three-fold sowing treatments of Stalker Escort-bio plants, and Vakula - Organic D2-M varieties. High indicators of economic and energy efficiency of spring barley cultivation were determined, which indicates the feasibility of using biologics. Keywords: spring barley, optimization of nutrition, biologics, water consumption, yield and quality of grain, economic and energy efficiency.