Object of the research: trichurosis of cattle.
The purpose of the work: to study the spread of cattle trichurosis in the Central region of Ukraine, to improve diagnostic methods and to develop scientifically sound measures to combat cattle trichurosis.
Research methods: parasitological (coproovoscopic, cultivation of eggs of trichuris, determination of extension and intensification of drugs); epizootological (determination of the extent and intensity of invasion, seasonal, age dynamics, breed susceptibility); morphometric (determination of morphometric parameters of imaginal forms and eggs of trichuris); hematological (morphological, biochemical); zootechnical (determination of average daily gains in live body weight and average daily milk yield in animals); statistical (determination of the arithmetic mean and error of the results).
Scientific novelty: new data on the spread of cattle trichurosis in farms in the Central region of Ukraine. The dependence of trichuris lesions on cattle on the method of keeping, season and age of animals has been proved. The maximum indicators of extensiveness and intensity of invasion by walking method of keeping in the summer (EI – 31.53 %, II – 27.54 ± 8.32 ЕGF) and autumn periods of the year (EI - from 65.5 to 73.3 %, II – from 31.7 to 33.1 ЕGF). Young animals of 6–12 months of age (EI – 53.71 %, II – 34.47 ± 5.24 ЕGF) were determined to be the most susceptible to trichurosis invasion.
For the first time, the dependence of invasiveness of cattle by trichuris on the breed was established. Thus, the highest incidence of trichuris was determined in cattle of Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed (EI – 30.9 %, II – 29.8 ± 3.31 ЕGF). The lowest rates of trichuris infestation were found in Holstein breed (EE – 14.3 %, II – 11.1 ± 2.09 ЕGF ).
The dynamics of changes in morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in young cattle for trichurosis was studied. It was found that in spontaneous trichurosis, with an intensity of invasion of 37.6±5.3 eggs in one gram of feces, in cattle there is a decrease in the number of erythrocytes in the blood (by 23.95 %, P<0.05), the concentration of hemoglobin by 7.44 %, P<0.05), hematocrit (by 38.94 %, P<0.01), albumin content (by 32.7 %, P<0.01), urea nitrogen (by 23.8 %, P<0.05), creatinine (by 44.1 %, P<0.05), calcium (by 28.6 %, P<0.001) and carotene (by 32.4 %, P<0.05), with a simultaneous increase in the activity of the enzyme AsАT (by 37 %, P<0.001).It has been proved that trichurises negatively affect the growth and development of young cattle (infected animals have 62 % lower average daily weight gain than non-infected) and milk productivity of lactating cows (for trichurosis the average daily milk yield in infected cows 50 % lower than in non-infected).
The peculiarities of embryogenesis of Trichuris skrjabini eggs in laboratory conditions in vitro at a temperature of 27 ºС were studied. It has been established that Trichuris skrjabini eggs undergo seven stages of development during embryogenesis with the completion of invasive larva formation by the 51 day.
Offer improved method of posthumous diagnostics of trichurosis of cattle, that provides high exactness of determination of intensity of invasion and promotes stored of eelworms that are an important factor for specific authentication of causative agent.
Efficiency of preparations of "Promektin 1 %" (in a dose a 1 ml is on 50 kg of living body weight, hypodermic, OS - ivermectin) and "Albentabs 360"(in a dose a 1 pill is on 50 kg of living body weight, inwardly, OS - albendasol) at non-permanent and double application with an interval 24 hours. High efficiency of preparation of " Promektin 1 %" after one and double application and " Albentabs 360" at double application (ЕЕ – 100 %).
It has been proposed: for post-mortem diagnosis of trichurosis in cattle, we recommend using an improved method of post-mortem diagnosis, which is approved by the patent for a utility model "Method for post-mortem diagnosis of trichurosis of the genus Trichuris of cattle". The method has a high efficiency of detection of trichuris and contributes to the preservation of nematodes, which is an important factor in the identification of helminths to the species.
It has been introduced: the materials of the dissertation are used in the educational process and research work of students majoring in 211 "Veterinary Medicine", 212 "Veterinary Hygiene, Sanitation and Expertise" and students of postgraduate education of Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Sumy National Agrarian University Agricultural University.
