Thesis for the degree of a Candidate of Engineering Sciences in specialty 05.01.01 «Applied geometry, engineering graphics» (131 – Applied Mechanics). – Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2021.
The current stage of development of Ukraine is characterized by a gradual return to christian values after a long period of forced atheistic worldview. As a result, new orthodox churches are being built in many villages and towns. The issues of optimizing the costs of resources for these objects throughout their entire life cycle are quite important under such conditions, given the existing low welfare of the population. The relevance of the chosen topic of scientific research to ensure an appropriate microclimate is also due to the existing tense situation with the COVID-19 pandemic. Maintaining the required sanitary and hygienic conditions of public buildings is now especially necessary to preserve people's health. This applies not only to various institutions of medicine, education, trade, food, sports, etc., but also religious buildings, in particular, orthodox churches. It is possible to successfully solve the outlined problems with the use of geometric modeling tools, which is the subject of this dissertation.
It is well known that the parameters of the microclimate of a building depend on such geometric characteristics as the area and volume of premises, wall thickness, dimensions of window and door openings, etc. This is on the one hand. On the other hand, they depend on the materials used for construction, selected heating, ventilation, air conditioning, etc. Also important is the external environment (air temperature and humidity, the presence in it of harmful substances, etc.) and internal features of the building, such as the number of present people, the duration and frequency of their stay, activities and so on. All this fully applies to orthodox churches.
Certain material, financial and other restrictions always exist during the construction of architectural structures and their further operation. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to take into account the above aspects when designing new temples. Thus, many factors affect the microclimate of buildings, in particular, architectural spatial-planning solutions, selected structures, heating systems, ventilation, air conditioning, etc. One of the directions for solution of the analyzed technical problem is the application of complex variant modeling of microclimate parameters with the use of computer graphics.
The above statement is based on the fact that in the environment of currently quite popular BIM (Building Information Modeling)-technologies, the central leading place is occupied by the geometric model of the created object, which combines the rest of its mathematical and other descriptions into one whole. The coverage of the indicated direction of scientific research on the example of processing the microclimate of orthodox churches is the main purpose of this dissertation work.
Nowadays, various automated information systems are widely used in architectural and construction design, such as Allplan, ArchiCAD, Revit, etc., which significantly get better the quality of processed technical objects. One of the effective ways to improve the used technologies is the introduction of a structural-parametric approach to shaping and the integration of BIM-packages with external computer databases. These issues are also analyzed in the dissertation. As a result of the performed scientific investigations the theoretical bases of application of the automated geometrical means for reproduction of microclimate parameters of public premises are developed, which is illustrated by the example of orthodox churches.
