Iavorska I. Features of splenic injury in conditions of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, and its correction

Thesis establishes the role of limb ischemia-reperfusion in the manifestations of metabolic and structural disorders of the spleen, abnormal immune responses under conditions of acute blood loss in the range of 20-22% of circulating blood volume and proving the corrective properties of carbacetam in reducing the manifestations of detected disorders. In a case of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, the spleen showed increased activity of lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant protection, deepening morphological changes, and impaired immune responses, compared with modeling only acute blood loss. During all terms of the reperfusion period, the content of diene and triene conjugates, Schiffbases, reagents for thiobrabiturate acid, fractions of oxidally modified proteins, less superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and the content of reduced glutathione becomes significantly higher in the spleen. Disturbances of immune reactions deepen - the content of immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G, circulating immune complexes increases, indicators of phagocytic activity of leukocytes decrease. Disturbances reach a maximum in 1 day of the reperfusion period and do not subside till 14 days. Morphologically, there are pronounced destructive-degenerative changes of the stroma and parenchyma of the spleen, red and white pulp, the development of inflammatory processes (hyperplasia of the white pulp), as well as dyscirculatory disorders with hemorrhage, the severity of which is greatest after 7 days of posttraumatic period. The use of carbacetam in rats with acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, compared with animals without correction, after 7 days helps to strengthen prooxidant mechanisms, improve immune responses and morphological status of the spleen. The effectiveness of the drug is greater after its administration for 14 days. Thus, carbacetam is a promising pathogenetic agent for the correction of disorders caused by acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb.