The dissertation is devoted to increase of efficiency monitoring of atmospheric air quality in industrial cities according to stationary stations of supervision by mathematical modeling and an estimation of ecological risk of average daily maximum admissible concentrations of pollutants excess.
An ecological assessment of the spatial distribution of atmospheric air pollution concentrations in Dnipro was carried out on the following pollutants: dust, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, ammonia, formaldehyde, and benzo(a)pyrene.
The interrelation the concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere and meteorological factors has been established, it allows create distribution maps of the pollutants concentration in the cold and warm periods of the year on the Dnipro territory.
As a result of the research, the environmental risk values for substances that are considered at each stationary station for monitoring air pollution have been calculated. It has been established that the distribution of both enterprises and emissions throughout the city is very uneven. This is evidenced by the analysis of data from monitoring stations for concentrations of pollutants.
The influence of meteorological factors (temperature, wind direction and speed, humidity) on air pollution has been established. In the city of Dnipro, the relationship between concentrations of pollutants and wind speed has not been established, but it turned out that the prevailing wind directions cause an increase in the level of pollution of the surface layers of the atmosphere. It was also found that high humidity of the air contributes to the purification of atmospheric air, and the increase in temperature on the contrary becomes the cause of the increase in pollution.
It is proposed to estimation of the environmental risk using measurement data at stationary posts according to the hypothesis that with a sufficiently large number of measurements, the amount of excess (with a probability of 95%) to the magnitude of the environmental risk, makes it possible to establish the order calculating environmental risk using a database of measurements at stationary stations.
A numerical mathematical model was created to predict the intensity of atmospheric air pollution and a computer program package "USE-2D" with subroutines T45.exe, T46.exe, T47.exe for its implementation. This makes it possible, using measurement data at stationary stations, to calculate with sufficient accuracy the zones of spatial distribution of atmospheric pollution concentrations. The numerical model has been tested when calculating the intensity of atmospheric air pollution during the emission of gasoline vapors during the discharge of gasoline from a tank into a gas station storage (Slobozhansky Ave., Dnipro).
The theoretical and experimental results obtained in the dissertation can be used in the implementation of operational monitoring of atmospheric pollution, assessment of environmental risks and environmental protection in industrial cities of Ukraine.
Key words: environmental safety, air pollution, stationary monitoring stations , mathematical model, environmental risk, maximum permissible concentrations, air monitoring.
