Byniuk N. Criminological characteristic of recidivism of juvenile violent crime

The thesis is devoted to a comprehensive study of the problems of recidivism of juvenile violent crime. The state of research on the problems of recidivism of juvenile violent crime in Ukraine and some foreign countries is revealed. Today, there is an urgent need to address a number of theoretical and practical issues related to the following: recidivism of juvenile criminal violence as a legal and criminological category; criminal law regulation of recidivism of criminal offenses under current Ukrainian legislation; foreign experience in preventing recidivism of juvenile violent crime; the status, structure, dynamics and other indicators of recidivism of juvenile violent crime; criminological characteristics of a juvenile who commits recidivist violent criminal offences; determinants of violent criminal behaviour of juveniles during recidivism of criminal offences; general social, special criminological and individual preventive measures to prevent recidivism of violent crime by juveniles; mechanism of implementation of measures to prevent recidivism of violent crime by juveniles. The author formulates the concept of violent juvenile crime, which should be understood as a special type of crime when persons under the age of majority commit acts of physical, verbal, psychological or emotional violence against other persons or property. It is noted that the current state of recidivism of violent crime among minors in Ukraine is complex and requires systemic measures to address it. Currently, the Ukrainian authorities and society pay considerable attention to the problem of juvenile delinquency and implement various programs and measures to prevent and control it. However, despite these measures, the country still faces the problem of recidivism of violent crime among juveniles due to insufficient attention to their needs and shortcomings in the system of social support and rehabilitation. It is stated that the study of foreign experience provides important information about possible ways of forming and reforming the probation service and the specifics of its activities in the execution of sentences which are not related to the isolation of minors from society. This approach will allow improving the probation system in Ukraine and ensuring the effectiveness of its activities in the field of rehabilitation and resocialization of juvenile offenders. It is established that the absolute number of recorded criminal offenses in the State indicates a significant decrease since 2017. However, it is worth noting that the situation with recidivism of criminal offenses is not so clear, and although there was a certain decrease in 2019, the overall number of recidivism remains high. Recorded criminal offenses: In 2013: 563560, In 2017: 523911, In 2022: 443212, In 2023: 439867. There is a steady decline in the number of criminal offenses from 2017 to 2023. It is noted that a person who finds himself or herself in a situation of deprivation of liberty faces an intense and complex impact. It is not enough to define this influence as only «moral» in the world of crime, although such an element exists even in juvenile penitentiaries. Once in such an environment, a person can really feel its violent nature. It is stated that the factors determining the commission of criminal offences by minors are specific causes and conditions which together contribute to the commission of criminal acts by persons under the age of eighteen.