The work examines the current state, theoretical development and problems of tactics for detecting and overcoming false statements of minors. A list of urgent theoretical and practical problems faced by investigators during the interrogation of minors, in order to identify and overcome their false statements, has been compiled. The historical and scientific sources of the essence and correlation of the concepts of "lie", "falsehood", "error" and "delusion" were analyzed, the proper concept of "false testimony" was formed - this is information that does not correspond to reality, which is provided by the interrogated person intentionally or unintentionally in relation to known circumstances that are important for criminal proceedings. The classification of types of false statements of minors during the pre-trial investigation was studied and a separate classification was derived based on the following criteria: a) based on the subjective side and volume, false statements of minors can be divided into full or partial: 1) knowingly false statements; 2) false readings; b) by the method of detection by: 1) comparison with the testimony of other participants in criminal proceedings; 2) analysis of the statements of one person, which were obtained at different times and have significant discrepancies; 3) analysis of a person's testimony and collected material evidence, documents, expert opinions, video recordings, etc.). The process of forming false statements of minors at various stages is considered. Depending on the age categories (preschool, junior school age, teenagers, early youth), the perception, memorization, and reproduction of spatial relations by minors from the location of objects, time intervals, and the chronology of events are highlighted; colors, sizes and properties of objects, etc. The system of tactical techniques for detecting and overcoming false statements of minors during the pre-trial investigation has been improved.
It was established that the investigative situation is a determining factor in the application of tactical methods of detecting and overcoming false statements of minors. Taking into account the peculiarities (mental and moral traits, age, etc.), the choice and options for the optimal use of tactical techniques for conflict and non-conflict investigative situations are substantiated. The peculiarities of the tactics of detecting and overcoming false statements of minors during interrogation in the video conference mode during the pre-trial investigation are revealed. The special role of video recording is substantiated: as an opportunity to avoid further interrogations, including during court proceedings; the stimulating factor of giving truthful testimony; refraining from changing the testimony or refusing them; but also causes of complications - possible loss of psychological contact. The possibilities and specifics of the application of tactical techniques during the interrogation of minors are considered, taking into account the mechanism of formation of testimony of different age groups. It has been established that the conditions of the "Child-Friendly Crisis Room" are sufficient to solve interrogation tasks, but the "Barnachus" model allows for other procedural actions to be carried out in one place (surveying, obtaining samples for examination), and is also a more integrated complex system, which provides long-term legal, medical and psychological support for the child. The foreign experience of preparing and conducting interrogations (methods based on the emotional reactions of the interrogated; cognitive and structural-logical) is considered, and their comprehensive analysis is carried out.
