Tashyrev O. Biotechnologies of wastewater purification on the basis of thermodynamic prognosis of microbial interaction with metals and radionuclides.

Українська версія

Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Science (DSc)

State registration number

0505U000161

Thesis Registration Form

0505U000161.pdf

Applicant for

Specialization

  • 03.00.20 - Біотехнологія

23-03-2005

Specialized Academic Board

Д 26.058.03

National university of food technologies

Essay

The thesis is devoted to developing of theoretical basis and creating new high - efficiency microbial biotechnologies of wastewater purification. The generalising concept of forecasting of interaction of microorganisms with metals of periodic system of chemical elements is developed, and which is background for development of new universal biotechnologies of purification of industrial wastewaters from a wide spectrum of metals and radionucleides. The components of concept are: - non-specific microbial reduction of metals (cation, anion forms and complex compounds); - non-specific microbial accumulation metal ions of owing to their stereochemical analogies with "macroelements"; - integrated mechanisms of accumulation of metals and radionucleides by microbial syntrophic associations and mixed microbial communities. Non-specific microbial reduction of metals follows from thermodynamic properties of the binary redox system: donor (metabolically active microorganisms) and acceptor (oxidised the form of metal). The microorganisms reduce only those metals, which standard redox potential (Еоў ') is in borders of thermodynamic stability of water (+814 > Еоў > - 414 mV). Non-specific accumulation by microorganisms of metals owing to their stereo-chemical analogies with "macroelements". If to compare of sizes ion radiuses of metals (Hg2+, Cu2+, CrO42 - etc.) and "macroelements" (Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42 - etc.) it would be obvious, that each metal is stereochemical analogue certain macroelement and conse-quently metal is - acceptor and the transport systems of microorganisms "are mistaken" and non-specific accumulate metals in microbial cells. Named concept gives the opportunity to prove theoretically and to develop effec-tive microbial technology of purification of industrial wastewaters from a wide spec-trum of metals and radionucleides. On the basis of the concept developed and created new microbial preparations "microbial biocatalyst" (MBC) and "mixed microbial communities" (MMC), that provide effective purification ofmodelling and industrial wastewaters from a wide spectrum of metals and radionucleides, and also organic pollutants. MBC purifies on 98,5-99,9 % heavy metals (Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, CrO42 - etc.) in a range 0,006 - 10000 ppm. MBC and MMC reduce activity liquid radioactive drains on 28Na, 40K, 83Rb, 134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr, 140La, 144Ce, 51Cr; 54Mn and 60Co- on 2-6 orders; purifies from 238U, 239Pu and 241Am on 99,6-99,9 %. The working basis of preparations is granules that are stable in water and which consist of alive microorganisms and nutritious substances, necessary for them. The distinctive attributes of prepa-rations are universality, complete autonomy, and adaptability to manufacture, profit-ability, efficiency, and liquidity of technologies on their basis.

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