Retman S. Spots of winter wheat under conditions of Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine and conceptual basis of protection

Dissertation is devoted to investigation of biological peculiarities of spots of winter wheat caused by necrotrophic pathogens and development of conception of winter wheat protection. On the base of analysis of data on development of winter wheat diseases in 1991-2007, changes in structure of phytopatogen complex was showed. Part of leaf spots increased signifycantly (tan spot - upto 12-15%, septoria blotch - upto 20-25%), part of downy mildew diminished. Species composition of septoria leaf blotch and alternaria head spot was specified. Tendency of dominating of F. sporotrichiella var. рoae in complex of head scab pathogens was revealed. For the first time under conditions of Ukraine teleomorpha of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Lewia infectoria was found. Peculiarities of symptomatic of Bipolaris sorokiniana on cereals were investigated. Harmfulness of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis й Stagonospora avenae f. sp. triticea on winter wheat was established. It was showed, that infection of winter wheat leaves dislocate nitrogen balance of plants. Model of harmfulness of winter wheat disease complex was developed. The role on fertilizers and resistant varieties in restriction of disease development was showed. Toxicity of modern fungicides for leaf and head pathogens was determined. Optimal terms for fungicide application were established. Economical efficiency of two and three applications was evaluated. On the base of results of multiyear studies, conception of winter wheat protection against leaf and head diseases was developed.