Filon V. Diagnostics and ecologically safe direction of soil transformation when applying fertilizes

Object - diagnostics and ecologically safe direction of soil transformation when applying fertilizes. Purpose - theoretical bases and practical measures is on diagnostics and ecologically safe direction of soil transformation when applying fertilizes have been determined. Methods - comparatively-type-genetic, field and laboratory-analytical. Theoretical results. The essence and conformity to natural laws of soil processes development which occurs in the centers of applying mineral fertilizes have been discovered on the basis of using modern methods of researches (micro- and submicromorphology; electronic and infra-red spectrometry; X-Ray structural analysis; the Х-Rау-tomography and ultracentrifuging). Besides, it has been established, that interaction of fertilizers with soil has a distinct local character and is gradually developing in space and time. This fact allows actively intrude into the processes of fertilizers and soil interaction and makes them to be foreseeable and controllable. Practical results - adopting control of processes of co-operation of fertilizers is developed with soil: choice of forms of fertilizers taking into account their peptize ability, method of application (local or continuous), use of peptize additions. Novelty- first explored the phenomenon of peptize of organic colloids by fertilizers and the quantitative parameters of "peptize" are certain depending on the form of fertilizer, as soil, pattern of its agricultural use and adopting an agrotechnics. Adding is borne to existent classification of mineral fertilizers. In particular it is suggested to classify mineral fertilizers after influence of them on organic part of soil. Such index is entered, as peptize ability of fertilizers. It is suggested to use it for the prognosis of transformations changes of soils under fertilizers. Existence and spheres of the use (quality management of cultures) of potassium-ammonium connection is exposed in the system plant-soil-fertilizer. For the first time in Ukraine possibility of the use of Х-Ray-томографії is shown for the estimation of the structurally-aggregate state of soils. Agroecological consequences of applying mineral fertilizers under a surface soil cultivation, as well as local nitric fertilizers application, including such perspective ones as coal-ammonium salts, have been experimentally substantiated. Degree of application - dissertation job performances are theoretical basis of the ecologically safe use of mineral fertilizers on soils of Polissya and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The field is scientific-research, educational, economic.