Degtyaryov V. Colloid chemical characteristics of humus accumulative soil formation and fertility of natural and agrogenic chernozems of the Left-bank Forest-Steppe and Steppe of Ukraine

The dissertation is devoted to the solution of a scientific problem concerning the protection and conservation of chernozem fertility in Ukraine according to the data of colloid chemical diagnostics of humus state of natural chernozems and agroecosystems in the Left-bank Forest-Steppe and Steppe of Ukraine: The main regularities of humus soil formation and transformation depending on the action of natural and anthropogenic factors which determine the direction and the course of humus accumulative process of soil formation that permits to predict and to control the main fertility soil indices are established. It is proved that the colloid chemical indices of chernozem fertility level is not only the content and the reserve of common humus but also the content and correlation of proper humus substances and detritus, active and passive colloid forms of humus, the content of movable organic matter. For the evaluation of fertility level of chernozem the system of colloid chemical indices of quantitative and qualitative humus state estimation is proposed; it includes the content and the reserve of the common humus, the content of proper humus substances and detritus, the content of colloid forms of humus, the content of movable humus, correlations PHS:D; AH:PH; IRAS. For the first time the index of the evaluation of the intensity of the anthropogenic influence on the soil as the correlation of the quantity of proper humus substances to the quantity of detritus in the composition of colloid passive humus of chernozems is given; the quantitative parameters of this index is established. It is shown that each separate component of the organic matter of the soil has its specific role in structure formation; PHS and calcium form organic mineral microaggregates which form together with detritus macroaggregates.