Ulyanych O. Research and theoretical foundation of the technology of growing green and spicy vegetables in forest-steppe region of Ukraine

Dissertation is dedicated to theoretical studies and agrotechnical basis of growing green and spicy vegetables in forest-steppe region of Ukraine. The author summarized the effectiveness of innovative technology elements and discovered new approaches in growing green and spicy plants using high yielding varieties and hybrids, fertilization schemes, cluster method of growing seedlings with a size of mesh separate to each plant, presowing treatment of seeds using plant growing regulators, sowing period and observance the optimum plan of allocation of plants in open ground, which is actual for extension and cultivation of green and spicy plants in forest-steppe region of Ukraine. There have been developed the measures for increasing plant yielding capacity, such as: the optimum time of sowing seeds and transplanting have been determined, the ways of cultivation of seedlings for early output of sowing lettuce of capitate variety. The best plant growth regulators for presowing treatment of seeds have been discovered, the optimum proportion of mineral fertilizers for sowing lettuce has been defined. There has been proved the expediency of crisp-head lettuce seedlings growing in cluster with mesh size 4x4 cm at sowing seeds in the second decade of March and transplanting seedlings into open ground in the third decade of April, which provided a yield increase, in comparison with seedlings, grown in the traditional way on 5,3-20, 2 t / ha depending on the variety. There has been determined that growing of crisp-head lettuce, using strip way according to the scheme of allocation (40 40 60) h20 cm (20 +50) h20 cm and plant density respectively 110 and 143 thousand pcs / ha wideline 60h20 cm, which corresponds plant density 110 thousand pcs / ha, is more profitable. Adding of nitrogen fertilizers on phosphorus - potassium background increases soil fertility and yielding of green mass of sowing lettuce with high quality fresh products and helped to increase productivity of crop seeds. For the first time there has been proved, that presowing treatment of seeds of sowing lettuce and spinach with the solutions of plant growth regulators Emistym C, Humisol, Lihnohumat promotes faster germination, increases sprouting, germination of seeds, enhances growth and increases the yield of commodity products of green plants on 2,7-3,2 t / hectares and increases the index of chemical composition. Developing and putting into practice the method of receiving and reproduction in culture in vitro allows to to accelerate the propagation of sowing lettuce seed and at the same time provides the recovery from viral and bacterial infections and will increase the productivity of domestic and foreign varieties of lettuce that will be able to compete with new varieties from foreign countries. The main results were introduced in agriculture in growing green and spicy plants in open ground.