Paramonova T. Agrobiological substantiation of productivity and quality of vegetable agrocenoses for optimization of plant nutrition in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Object: processes and properties that characterize the yield and quality of vegetables, nutritious regime of soil, fertilizer system, the formation energy, economic and environmentally sustainable vegetable agrocenosis. Purpose: to theoretically substantiate in agrochemical and agroecological aspects the scientific bases of rational systems of fertilization of vegetable plants for increase of productivity and quality of vegetable agrocenoses of the Eastern Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods: the general scientific and special: field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Novelty: consists in the decision of scientific and methodological bases of increase of productivity and quality of vegetable agrocenoses and reproduction of soil fertility. For the first time the agrochemical and agroecological bases of long-term application of traditional and new types of fertilizers in irrigated vegetable agrocenoses are substantiated, which provide increase of productivity of vegetable plants and preservation of soil fertility. The forecast of rates of recovery of organic carbon of chernozem typical in irrigated vegetable-fodder crop rotations under different fertilizer systems is developed. Improved formula for calculating fertilizer doses by the balance-calculation method for the application of vegetable by-products to fertilizers has been improved. Scientific provisions on the possibilities of wide application of by-products and vegetable residues of vegetable plants in the fertilizer system have been developed. Results: introduction of vegetable-fodder crop rotations in a complex with systematic application of organo-mineral fertilizer systems provides reproduction of soil fertility: increase of humus content by 0.3% against the background of constant increase of yield of vegetable plants by 32-78%. Biologized fertilizer systems have been developed that are not inferior to traditional ones, providing significant increases of 30% of yield and better quality indicators of vegetable products. The possibility of using, as a supplement to organic fertilizers, by-products of vegetable plants, which does not require nitrogen fertilizer to activate the processes of mineralization of plant residues, due to the narrowed carbon-nitrogen ratio. It is proposed to use the formula of Shatilov and Kayumov with the author's modification, supplemented by an additional indicator – the number of nutrients that enter the soil with by-products of the predecessor, to calculate the optimal doses of fertilizers. Degree proceedings: 3 monographs, 1 textbook, 1 book, 5 methodical recommendations are introduced in educational process and on advanced training courses of scientists and experts of an agro-industrial complex. Soil protection systems of fertilizers have been introduced in farms of Ukraine on the area of 120 hectares.