Yarovoy G. Main diseases vegetable crops and the rationale for their protection in the the Left-Bank Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

The work is devoted to the study and improvement of element of the technology of main vegetable crops growing on the typical chernozem of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. With this aim there have been revealed high yielded resistant to diseases tomato varieties, breeded varieties Khudozhnik, Kenar, Valkiria, Epilog, which increased the resistance to Alternaria diseases. As well there have been created genetic pasports for two gene types - the standard of the resistance to the pathogene of Fusarium wilt (lines La 4026 and F7 Orko), the genetic identification of four semi-cultured tomato forms, which are donors of abiotic and biotic resistance and perspective forms for cultured forms of tomato, is given.There have been studied and put into practice sowing of germinated seeds by the seeder with hydrosowing, that speeds up sprouts appearance by 5-7 days. Doses of fertilizers have been defined for local application as an energy saving method when expenditure of fertilizers reduces in 2-3 times in comparison with the spreaded complete fertilizer and increases the yield of crops in 30-50 %. It is also effective to apply fertilizers by fertigation. Spreading of Fhytophtorosis depends to great degree from the sum of precipitation. On onion plants the most harmful diseases were: false mildew, bottom rot, neck rot, virous diseases. During the years of investigation (1990-2008), mildew spreading was 70-100 % and its development - 20-76 %. Against plants diseases in the experiments there have been revealed effective fungicides and their tank mixtures and for successful reduce of diseases for main vegetable crops there have been calculated mathematic models of short term forecasts for Fhytophtorosis, Alternaria disease, Septoriosis, powdery mildew, bacterial disease, mildew. There have been revealed tolerance and resistance of plants to pathogenes of diseases, screening of varietal resistance to diseases as the base of phytosanitary monitoring has been conducted. It is revealed adaptive parameters of protection system measures plants of Solanoceae, Cucurbitaceae, Drassicaceae, Alliaceae, Apiaceae and Chenopodiaceae families from pests.