Filon V. Diagnostics and ecologically safe direction of soil transformation when applying fertilizes

The dissertation work is devoted to one of actual problems of modern Soil Science, namely, diagnostics and ecologically safe tendency of Soil transformation in Forest and Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine when applying fertilizes. The essence and conformity to natural laws of soil processes development which occurs in the centers of applying mineral fertilizes have been discovered on the basis of using modern methods of reseaches (micro- and submicromorphology; electronic and infra-red spectrometry; X-Ray structural analysis; the Х-Rау-tomography and ultracentrifuging). Besides, it has been established, that interaction of fertilizers with soil has a distinct local character and is gradually developing in space and time. This fact allows actively intrude into the processes of fertilizers and soil interaction and makes them to be foreseeable and controllable. It has been shown that different kinds and forms of fertilizers differently influence the organic part of soils. There are fertilizers, which intensively peptize organic colloids (Nва, (NH4)2CO3; K2CO3); essentially strengthen their mobility ((NH4)2HPO4); practically do not influence the condition of soil colloids (NH4Cl; NaNO3; KCl). Being based on the revealed characteristics of fertilizers and identification data of the organic substance, which is under the direct influence of the last, ways of purposeful and ecology safe their use of fertilizers as the main levers of soil fertility management have been shown. Agroecological consequences of applying mineral fertilizers under a surface soil cultivation, as well as local nitric fertilizers application, including such perspective ones as coal-ammonium salts, have been experimentally substantiated. Ecological estimation of usage of nondiluted flows of pig-breeding complexes on soils with acid and neutral soil formation has been given.