The research elaborates the scientific statements and evidence-based results that address the issue of developing and implementing of a system of monitoring and control of allergenic biological factors impacting the health of urban populations in Ukraine. The environmental and hygienic foundations for a new scientific field "Preventive Aerobiology" are justified. This field involves the data of pollen and spores count obtained in a frame of the aerobiological monitoring, implies control of particles count changes in the ambient air of a certain area during the pollination period and further extrapolation of the data obtained. It takes into consideration the impact of environmental factors of short and long-term actions including plant phenology (monitoring component), and creation, as a result of an integrated simulation and synthesis of the data, environmental and hygienic pollen forecasts evaluating the risk of hay fever symptoms appearance in near future for populations of urban areas of Ukraine (predictive component) and dissemination of forecasts mentioned within population (informative and preventional component). It was determined pollen spectrum and pollen calendars of cities investigated including Vinnitsa, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Odesa, Poltava and Simferopol are similar and correlate one with another. It's revealed the pollen of herbaceous plants, namely ragweed, nettle, sage, grasses, herbaceous members of the Compositae, Cannabaceae, Polygonaceae and Amaranthaceae families constitutes the main pollen rain component of the urban areas of Ukraine. Pollen grains of birch, poplar, oak, ash, elm, walnut, maple, alder, pine, hornbeam and mulberry dominated in the arboreal pollen spectrum. High count of Micromycetes is corresponding with the annual temperature (rs = 0,3-0,5; p <0.01) and humidity (rs = 0,1-0,3; p <0,05) regimens. Seasonal peaks of Cladosporium and Alternaria were recorded in July in most cities. More active sporulation of both Micromycetes types is noted at the end of the season rather than at the beginning of it. The direct relationship was seen between the intensity of the sporulation period and spore season duration for both Cladosporium and Alternaria spores in the ambient air of Vinnitsa, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Poltava and Simferopol cities. The highest sensitivity of patients to alder pollen (89% of volunteers involved, ? = 0,6, p <0.01) was registered for the year 2010, whereas the first position by sensitivity index was held by hornbeam and birch pollen in the years 1999 and 2000. Sensitive adults showed high responsiveness to the birch (? = 0,4-0,7; p <0,01), the hornbeam (? = 0,4-0,7; p <0,05), the hazel (? = 0,2-0,4; p <0,01), the oak (? = 0,4-0,7; p <0,05) and the grass (? = 0,2-0,6; p <0.05) pollen in Vinnitsa as well. The hay fever symptoms to the tree pollen occur in population of Ukraine from the third ten-day period of March to the second ten-day period of May. Most intensive tree pollination is observed during the second ten-day period of April in Ukraine. It was established, the pollen grains of alder, birch, hornbeam, ash and poplar are the most significant hay fever agents among components of the pollen load exerted on the urban inhabitants. The most unfavorable periods for patients sensitive to grass pollen are June in whole and the first and second ten-day periods of July. The worst periods for wormwood-pollen sensitive persons are the third ten-day period of July and the first ten-day period of August. The patients sensitive to ragweed pollen are suffering during the second and the third ten-day periods of August and for early September mostly. Pollen symptoms threshold is established at around 22-30 pollen grains/m3 (p.g./m3) for arboreal flora representatives except hazel. The hazel pollen sensitivity threshold was around 15-20 p.g./m3. The concentration threshold for the hay fever symptoms caused by grass pollen was determined at a level of 13-15 p.g./m3. Its was established zones of pollination intensity for ragweed succeed from the southeast to the northwest in Ukraine. Aerobiological zoning for birch pollen load shows pollination intensity decrease from the northwest to southeast. Pollination intensity zones for grasses alternate from the west to east of Ukraine. Data modeling determines that the population of the Steppe zone is exposed to the annual total pollen load of Ambrosia of the 3000-10000 p.g./m3. Its varies from the 1000 to 3000 p.g./m3 in the Forest-Steppe zone and from the 300 to 1000 p.g./m3 in the Forest zone of Ukraine. Time exposure to the clinically significant concentrations of ragweed pollen is the highest in the Odessa region and is about 67 days/season. Most of the territory of Ukraine has seasonal birch pollen load from the 3000 to 10000 p.g./m3' per season. Residents of the Western part of Ukraine and the Carpathians are exposed to the birch pollen concentrations values above the sensitivity treshold for the 25-33 days/season. Most of the Ukrainian population representatives are exposed to seasonal pollen load of grasses ranged from the 1000 to 2000 p.g./m3. Time exposure to the clinically significant concentrations of the grass pollen ranges from 10 to 42 days per season in Ukraine. The presence of the diffuse anxiety in the personal profiles of the pollen forecast users is noted as well.
