Soroka A. Development of biotechnological bases for creation of agronomically valuable material in oilseed crops

In the study there was carried out the theoretical generalization and new solution was suggested for the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of the breeding process in oilseed crops by expanding the genetic variability and accelerated development of a new constant breeding material using biotechnologies based on plant cell, tissue, and organ culture in vitro. For the first time in order to increase the genetic diversity of the starting material of sunflower, there was developed a method, based on the treatment of immature embryos with a chemical mutagen. It was proved that the use of this method resulted in the appearance of higher frequency and wider spectrum of mutations than after processing the mature seeds, and the spectrum of mutations was dependent on the age of immature embryos. To accelerate the development of a linear material of oilseed crops there are offered: enhanced technology for production of doubled haploids of oil flax via anther culture, which essential elements are the determination of the phytohormone concentration to induce processes of gemmogenesis and elongation of the regenerated shoots; regularities of induction from rapeseed and mustard microspores of morphogenic and non-morphogenic callus depending on the class of phytohormones used; a method, developed for the first time to determine the origin of the plants regenerated through in vitro culture, in which to prove the nature of haploid plants derived from an anther culture, the analysis is used for the presence or absence in a population of regenerated plants the segregation for morphological marker traits; indirect methods for the identification of haploids and doubled haploids of rapeseed, based on the new data for the parameters of their cytological and morphological differences. For the first time the regularities were revealed for the formation of morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower depending on the age of embryos that are used for the production of plants by means of embryo culture. New data are obtained on the dependence of callusogenesis on the type of explant for the wild flax species.