Matveeva I. Scientific Fundamentals of Evaluating Ecological Systems Reliability under the Effect of Radiation Factors

The thesis for the degree of doctor of technical sciences, specialty 21.06.01 - ecological safety. National Aviation University, 2016. The results of research and modeling of radio-ecological processes based on ideas developed by the author of the theory radiocapacity and reliability are presented in the thesis. The general purpose of the work is reliability analysis of different types of ecosystems as transport systems of radionuclides from the environment to humans. An assessment of state and prosperity of biota of ecological systems has been carries out on the basis of its ability to accumulate and keep artificial tracer in biomass - cesium-137 (137Cs), which is analogous of potassium. It has been established that the reliability of tracer keeping in components of ecosystems chamber models can be defined as the ratio of velocity of tracer incoming to this component of the ecosystem to the sum of the rates of income and outflow of tracer from considered part of the ecosystem related to other elements of the ecosystem. In the work the method of reliable structuring of ecological systems has been developed and applied, which consists of four stages: 1) constructing of chamber radioekological model of an ecosystem; 2) determining of its configuration (succesive, parallel or combined); 3) determining of parameters and radionuclide transfer speed between cameras; 4) calculation of the reliability of structural elements and the ecosystem as a whole. Application of countermeasures for effective eliminating the consequences of different types of pollution has been analyzed and justified in the thesis. The main objective of countermeasures choice is area decontamination, reducting of irradiation individual doses for personnel and the population, reducing the collective dose. Key words: radiocapacity of ecosystems, reliability of ecosystems, modeling of radioecological processes, counter-measures, safety of ecosystems