The system of medical and biological safety in a region of the estuary of the Danube River in Ukraine is scientifically proved in the thesis. In the thesis the forecast of the potential dangers of water from surface water reservoirs of estuary of the Danube River in Ukraine for public health is theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed. It was found unsatisfactory water quality ( surface water and drinking water ); high levels of contamination of surface waters with inorganic nitrogen compounds, common organic carbon; availability of sources of DDT, lindane, PCB of water of drinking water sources, industrial origin of PAH; dominance of AV and RV as a virus objects and Cryptosporidium spp. a parasitic contaminants in water sources; adequate to reproduction in studied water reservoirs for Vibrio cholerae, Legionella,agents of tularemia and leptospirosis, is proved like epidemiological trouble in the region; found mass reproduction of cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Synechocystis salina, Spirulina laxissima, Merismopedia minima) in Cahul lake , Yalpug lake, Katlabuh lake that indicates the possibility of a negative impact of cyanotoxins on public health .The incidence in the region (especially Izmail and other regions, which vary according to disease groups) was significantly higher ( 2 ? 3,841) for all groups of infectious diseases (with the exception of the CAA) and certain groups of non-communicable diseases in different categories of the population (children 1- first year of life, teenagers, adults), the tendency to decrease in mortality in children and adults by the year is ascertained .Comprehensive assessment of the structural and functional changes in the body of healthy rats which consumed the water from Cahul lake , Yalpug lake, Katlabuh lake as drinking water , showed the presence of some metabolic and homeostatic changes, degenerative changes in the liver, spleen and brain.It is hypothesized that the identified biological effects are a consequence of the cyanotoxins action that are produced by the identified (or other) cyanobacteria and / or toxic organo complexes.Based on the results of biological testing samples of water from surface water bodies in the model bacterial system of Salmonella typhimurium I98 the intensive pollution of surface waters of xenobiotic substances which have powerful toxic effect and mutagenic effects was justified .The acute of toxicity estimate of surface reservoirs of water on the short-cycling hydrobiont Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacea, Anostraca) indicates that the overwhelming majority of water samples belonged to the class of "excellent", "good" and "satisfactory". However, chronic toxicity (on Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg / Cladocera, Crustacea /) detected in 5 of 12 (42%) of the water samples.Comparative assessment of chlorine and chlorine dioxide influence on the formation of chloroform as the indicating index of chlorinated compounds in water treatment of Cahul lake , Yalpug lake, Katlabuh lake showed significant benefits of chlorine dioxide, which application minimizes the synthesis of chloroform. The research formed the basis of the proposed algorithm, which provides for obligatory account of dual-track (biological and chemical factors and their interaction) influence of water from surface water bodies on the health of the population; elaborated a mathematical model that allows the predictive risk assessment of such influence and system measures are recommended which implementation will help to minimize such risks.
