Banzak O. Methods and systems of spectrometry ionizing radiation and the control of radiating safety over semi-conductor detectors of new generation

The dissertation is devoted to creation of gauges, detectors and systems of new generation for dosimeters and selective radiometrishen ionizing radiation, the control of nuclear materials, technological processes and a condition of protective barriers of the atomic power station on the basis of results of nuclear-physical researches and physical and mathematical modeling of objects. Thus the problem of a choice of a material for creation of not cooled gauge scale-radiation is solved and is proved theoretically and experimentally advantages of monocrystals of firm solution CdxZN1-xTe (CZT). For research and managements of properties of this material were used methods thermal stimulus conductivity (TSC) and thermal field processings (ТFP). By means of TSC in crystals the centers of capture of carriers of a charge (Ev+(0,1…0,6)) eV, their nature and influence on noise level of the gauge is explained. Method ТFP allows to operate resistance and other parameters of a material. The phenomenon ionizing burn defects CZT is revealed at an irradiation strong accuracy pulse bunches electrons which energy exceeds a threshold of generation of defects of structure. The model of the found out phenomenon is created and experimentally confirmed. Due to their methods advantage of a high degree of clearing of initial components of a crystal before compensating legerveishn is proved, the opportunity to increase a working pressure of the gauge up to 200…300 is received V, to improve hardware spectra of a signal. A number of models is developed: the detector of ionizing radiation (IR) as uniform system of primary and secondary converters; the digital analyzer of a spectrum; dependences of frequency of impulses on an output of the detector from energy of IR, etc. By means of such models the opportunity of reception of the maximal sensitivity of the gauge is shown at the minimal sizes of a crystal, the optimum way of measurement of amplitude of an impulse for creation of a digital spectrometer with the maximal resolution is certain, the opportunity of correction of power dependence of sensitivity with a margin error less than 7 % is received. Methods of modeling of spectra scale-radiation of objects of the control and processing of greater packages of such spectra are developed. The new algorithm of a passive tomography with the purpose of restoration of distribution of activity inside of object of the control which signal/noise in 10 … 100 times is created has allowed to improve a parity. By results of researches of electro-physical properties wide zone crystals CdxZN1-xTe, processes of their nuclear-physical interaction with scale-radiation, modern equipment rooms and software of processing of signals in work gauges and detectors of new generation are created. On their basis block diagrams are offered and model samples of some devices are developed: a dosimeter (BDMG-CZT) with power dependence of sensitivity more than 7 % for energy scale-radiation from 20,0 keV up to 1,5 MeV; a portable digital spectrometer scale-radiation for radiation survey in field conditions and others. In work the problem of improvement of metrological maintenance of the control of a condition of protective barriers of objects of the atomic power station was solved. Complexes of not destroying control have been developed for this purpose with application of the uniform approach: leakings of a steam and gas generator, tightness of environments tvels, individual dosimetry of the personnel and radiating conditions of the atomic power station.