Ilchuk R. Regularities of formation of yield and quality of Solanum tuberosum depending on agronomic components in the Western forest-Steppe

The theoretical generalization and new solution of scientific problems, which is to establish the optimum parameters of the influence of weather conditions on the formation of high productivity of potatoes in Western forest-steppe of Ukraine, scientific substantiation and optimization of laws of influence of various agrotechnical factors on yield increase, a stabilization of the gross yield of potatoes with improved quality indicators. The assimilation surface of the plants, which ensure maximum performance of the photosynthetic apparatus, for early varieties of potatoes, for early maturing varieties of potatoes was 36,5 and of mid - 50,8 thousand m2/ha. Potato varieties started in Western Steppe and adapted to these conditions, are at high genetic potential and provide a yield to 48,0 t/ha, a starch content of 16,5 %, dry substances - 23,0 %, vitamin C - 18,0 mg %, crude protein - 2,25 %, resistance to late blight - 7,0-8,5 points. The use of warming up and sprouting of tubers of early maturing varieties for 30 days, fertilization (N90P90K120 on the background of the cover crops) and planting at the optimum time provides the yield increase: warming up and sprouting of tubers - 38,8-42,5, fertilizer - 52,3-78,1 and timing of planting - 15,5-22,0 %.