Yakovlev V. Natural Waters Challenging Sources for Drinking Water Supply of Ukraine, Their Protection and Rational Use

The object of the study is the water resources of zones of active and delayed water exchange of the geological environment of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to identify promising sources of ecologically clean natural waters of Ukraine, including those that are not involved, and scientific justification of the possibility of their application for drinking water supply in the future, their protection and rational use, including in the event of emergencies.The dissertation is devoted to a question of ensuring the population of Ukraine with qualitative drinking water for the long prospect. There was introduced a concept of "pre-industrial fresh waters" i.e. the natural waters that were formed in pre-industrial era and do not incorporate the anthropogenic impurity. It provides the methodological basis for the estimation of the valuable drinking water resources. For the first time the expert evaluation of the static reserves of the most valuable potable waters in geological structures of Ukraine is executed: 810 km3 ecologically pure waters with the mineralization up to 1.5 g/dm3 in the Dnieper-Donets rift that is sufficient to cover the actual drinking needs of the population of Ukraine for 5 thousand years. It is proved that geomorphological, landscape and ecological conditions within vacant sandy river terraces in Eastern and Central Ukraine cause the formation of azonal underground waters with the low mineralization from 0.16 to 0.48 g/dm3 and with the low and moderate hardness from 1.2 to 4.8 mmol/dm3 , these resources are estimated in the amount of 1.9 million m3 /days. The direction of the drinking water quality standards improving based on the definition of the physiologically optimum 35 content of biophilic elements and the coefficient of water natural structure change is developed. The way of the well waters desalination and construction of artificial wells in the river valleys is patented. The spring waters resources in the Kharkov region are proficiently estimated. The feasibility study of the water intakes arrangement on the basis of the new sources of high-quality potable water on an example of the well water intake at the sandy river terrace of the Seversky Donets basin and the pump-rooms of the captation of a typical source in the Kharkov region is executed.