The thesis is devoted to solving actual scientific problem, in particular the development of biotechnological bases of cultivation of highly productive varieties of tomatoes, which is based on an integrated approach using resistant varieties, selected by methods of cell selection, monitoring of seed quality and spread of agents of bacterial diseases, modern methods of diagnostics and protection systems based on biologies with low toxicity against plants and wide spectrum of effects on phytopathogens. It is propose the principle scheme of complex systems of tomato protection based on the use of biotechnological alternatives, particularly biologies, DNA
technology for identification of pathogens, and cell selection for a high performance of tomato growing in Ukraine. It is first proposed biotechnological scheme for the selection of genotypes of tomato plants with increased resistance simultaneously against several pathogens of bacterial diseases. It is established that bacterial pathogenesis leads to the complete destruction of chloroplasts, nuclei and other cell compartments. Under the influence of bacterium exometabolites in fruit cells it is formed tough secret of polysaccharide nature that causes significant disruption of the functions of protoplasts, induces the creation of additional cell walls, and leads to chlorotic changes with subsequent necrotizing of tissues. We have identified six stages of transformation of the parenchyma of tomato fruits caused by bacterial invasion, and it is shown that the development of bacterial pathogenesis in tomato reproductive organs is prevented by histochemical barriers. In terms of destruction with pathogens of tomato bacterial spot and bacterial black spot, in the initial stages it is observed cell (parenchymal) and tissue (placentary, funicular-integumental, nucellare) barriers inhibiting the spread of bacterial infection. It is developed molecular-genetic method of identification of pathogens of bacterial cancer, bacterial speck and bacterial spot in seeds and infected plants of tomatoes in Ukraine. It is established species composition of tomato bacterial diseases agents found during the vegetation period, which is represented by bacterial black spot agent Xanthomonas vesicatoria, bacterial cancer agent Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, and bacterial spot agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatо. It is shown that tomato seeds, affected and healthy segetal vegetation in tomatoes are accumulators for highly aggressive strains of bacteria of Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas genus, which may be pathogens for a wide range of cultivated vegetables. The use of salicylic acid as a natural inducer of resistance causes an increase in the degree of resistance of tomato plants against bacterial diseases through the increase of antioxidant activity and peroxidase enzyme. It is first identified the antibacterial activity of drugs with active ingredients mancozeb, aluminium aphosphite nd phosphorous acid to limit the development of pathogens of bacterial cancer, bacterial black spot, and bacterial speck of tomatoes. It is experimentally proved the antagonistic activity of bacteria of the genera Azotobacter, Bacillus, Streptomyces against pathogens Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato; biologies on their basis are recommended for suppression of tomato bacterial diseases. When treating tomatoes with chemical and biological agents it was identified increased activity of peroxidase enzyme, which is correlated with the development of plant resistance against biotic stress. Among tomato seeds they were selected six stable highly active antagonists against pathogens Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, non-toxic, with a stimulating effect on tomato seedlings, which are promising for creation on their basis of new bio-pesticides for protection of tomatoes against bacterial pathogens.
