Rudych T. Population of the Middle Dniper of I-II millennium by anthropological materials.

The monograph analyzes the anthropological composition of Middle Dnieper Region’s population in the I—II Millennium A.D. New materials were accumu¬lated and studied by author and were introduced into science. The received data became the basis of a thread of conclusions about anthropological structure of popu¬lation in the different chronological periods. The anthropological structure of region wasn’t stable. The analysis of craniological material had such results. 1. Anthropological material from cemeteries of Middle Dnieper Region of the Cherniachiv Culture was compared to a wide range of European series. It was detected that the population of mentioned region was heterogeneous. Different groups had different directions of anthropological connections. Some groups showed the north-eastern connections and morphological similarity to the Baltic series of II—V centuries, population of the Wielbark Culture and La Ten series of Central Europe, while another groups demonstrated the southern and south-eastern connections and similarity to the Late Scythian groups. 2. Craniological material of Middle Dnieper Region of Ancient Rus period was compared with a wide range of Slavic series. The population of this region is one of the most geterogenous in Slavic world according to the results of the between-group analysis. Mezocranial medium-faced forms with a tendency to thin-faced forms dominated. They presented mainly country population and demonstrated the most statistical and morphological similarity to some groups of Slovakia, Poland, Chech Republic and Bulgaria. This similarity showed both male and female population of Polan lands. Polan lands are a place of the most eastern localization of mezocranial medium-faced complex. One was typical for some Slavic groups of Central Europe. The results of analysis made it possible to talk about belonging of most of the population of the Middle Dnieper Left-Bank area to dolichocranial medium-faced morphotype. This one was typical for Dregovichs, Radimichs, Smolensk Krivichs areas. There should be noted the presence of peoples in the Middle Dnieper Region, connected genetically with lands of Drevlyans and Volhynians. On the Middle Dnieper Right-Bank area (Rodnia, Yagniatyn, Kyiv episodically) this one fixed weakly. More strongly this one fixed on the Middle Dnieper Left-Bank area (Lubech, some cemeteries of Chernigov and Putivl’). This fact may reflect older local lines, because massive wide-faced forms are typical for lands of Volhynians and Drevlyans. It fixed in female series. They were noted also in some country cemeteries of Forest area of Middle Dnieper Left-Bank area and were created so-called «numb of Drevlyans». The Dnieper Basin always was under the strong influence of the nomads. However they didn’t influence significantly the anthropological structure of population in the Ancient Rus period. 3. The work contains the comparative analysis of anthropological composition of the population of the Cherniachiv Culture in Ukraine and the Slavic groups of the X—XIII centuries. The results of the research allow to conclude that in the post-Cherniachiv time the anthropological composition of the population has changed considerably on the whole territory of Ukraine. Genetic lines, connecting the part of the Ancient Rus population with the Cherniachiv groups is more clearly determinated on the female skulls. As a rule, male groups better reflect migration flows, while female ones represent autochthonic lines. 4. The significant changes fixed on the craniological material of the Late Medieval period in comparison with the Ancient Rus time. Genetic line of the part of the Late Medieval population and Polyans groups more clearly seen on the female groups. If in the Kyiv Rus time the inflow of the natives of the territories to the North (Dregovichs, Radimichs, Smolensk Krivichs) was observed in the Late Medieval period immigrants from the Western lands (formerly of Drevlyans, Volhynians, Tivertsi and Halich lands) were more prominent. For the craniological material of Cossak times it should be noted that comparing to the Ancient Rus epoch the percentage of the natives of the Stepp groups has increased within the population. The modern population of Middle Dnieper Region was represented of Centralukrainian physical type by Dyachenko is characterized of brachicranial and wide-faced form. This complex was formed in the Late Medieval period.