Kluchevіch M. Triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) and Spelt (Triticum spelta L.) Mycoses and Foundation of Ecologically Safe Protection Systems in Polissia of Ukraine

Species composition and biological peculiarities of winter triticale and spelt pathogens of diseases depending on Polissia climatic conditions and technological elements of cultivation, are introduced in the dissertation work and ecologically safe systems of protection from them within traditional and organic production are worked out. Object of research: working out of ecologically safe systems of winter triticale and spelt protection from mycoses. Methods: field; laboratory; weight, morphophysiological; mathematical-statistical. The structure of the triticale and spelt pathogenic complex of fungus is clarified, crops lesion by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler has been discovered for the first time in Ukraine. Triticale grains infection level by the fungus pathogens was determined at the level from 43 to 98 %, spelt grains lesion level – 32–73 %, among them species of Alternaria genus and species of Fusarium genus were dominating. Evaluation of winter triticale and winter spelt sort samples lesion by fungal diseases pathogens was conducted; the role of fertilizers, crop rotation, methods of basic soil cultivation, winter triticale grains seeding time and seeding rates in limiting the development of major fungal diseases, was shown. Technical and economic efficiency of modern means of plant protection and plant growth regulators against winter triticale and spelt mycoses was determined, as well as the optimal terms of their application. Integrated and organic systems of winter triticale and spelt protection from a complex of diseases are worked out, their application was economically and energetically grounded.